Mouse/Rat GDF-15 Quantikine ELISA Kit Summary
Sample Values
Serum/Plasma - Samples were evaluated for the presence of mouse/rat GDF-15 in this assay.Mouse Samples | Mean (pg/mL) | Range (pg/mL) | Standard Deviation (pg/mL) |
Serum (n=10) | 77.0 | 47.4-97.1 | 19.5 |
EDTA plasma (n=5) | 241 | 54.4-874 | 354 |
Heparin plasma (n=5) | 110 | 82.4-169 | 34.7 |
Urine (n=10) | 2376 | 632-6255 | 1547 |
Rat Samples | Mean (pg/mL) | Range (pg/mL) | Standard Deviation (pg/mL) |
Serum (n=10) | 27.5 | 10.5-49.4 | 14.3 |
Heparin plasma (n=5) | 42.7 | 11.1-145 | 57.3 |
Urine (n=10) | 4972 | 1922-11,550 | 2747 |
Rat Samples | Mean of Detectable (pg/mL) | % Detectable | Standard Deviation (pg/mL) |
EDTA plasma (n=5) | 31.5 | 80 | ND-68.8 |
Product Summary
Precision
Cell Culture Supernates, Serum, EDTA Plasma, Heparin Plasma, Urine
Intra-Assay Precision | Inter-Assay Precision | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Sample | 1 | 2 | 3 | 1 | 2 | 3 |
n | 20 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 20 |
Mean (pg/mL) | 25.6 | 60 | 190 | 26.7 | 63.1 | 196 |
Standard Deviation | 0.69 | 1.42 | 5.49 | 1.62 | 2.84 | 10.7 |
CV% | 2.7 | 2.4 | 2.9 | 6.1 | 4.5 | 5.5 |
Recovery
The recovery of GDF-15 spiked to levels throughout the range of the assay in various matrices was evaluated.
Sample Type | Average % Recovery | Range % |
---|---|---|
Mouse Cell Culture Media (n=4) | 102 | 91-110 |
Mouse EDTA Plasma (n=4) | 95 | 81-109 |
Mouse Heparin Plasma (n=4) | 95 | 87-104 |
Mouse Serum (n=4) | 91 | 82-101 |
Mouse Urine (n=4) | 97 | 88-106 |
Linearity
Scientific Data
Product Datasheets
Preparation and Storage
Background: GDF-15
Growth/differentiation factors (GDF-1 to GDF-15) are members of the BMP family of TGF-beta superfamily proteins. They are produced as inactive preproproteins which are then cleaved and assembled into active secreted homodimers. GDF dimers are disulfide-linked with the exception of GDF-3 and -9. GDF proteins are important during embryonic development, particularly in the skeletal, nervous, and muscular systems.
Assay Procedure
Refer to the product- Prepare all reagents, standard dilutions, and samples as directed in the product insert.
- Remove excess microplate strips from the plate frame, return them to the foil pouch containing the desiccant pack, and reseal.
- Add 50 µL of Assay Diluent to each well.
- Add 50 µL of Standard, Control, or sample to each well. Cover with a plate sealer, and incubate at room temperature for 2 hours on a horizontal orbital microplate shaker.
- Aspirate each well and wash, repeating the process 3 times for a total of 4 washes.
- Add 100 µL of Conjugate to each well. Cover with a new plate sealer, and incubate at room temperature for 2 hours on the shaker.
- Aspirate and wash 4 times.
- Add 100 µL Substrate Solution to each well. Incubate at room temperature for 30 minutes on the benchtop. PROTECT FROM LIGHT.
- Add 100 µL of Stop Solution to each well. Read at 450 nm within 30 minutes. Set wavelength correction to 540 nm or 570 nm.
Citations for Mouse/Rat GDF-15 Quantikine ELISA Kit
R&D Systems personnel manually curate a database that contains references using R&D Systems products. The data collected includes not only links to publications in PubMed, but also provides information about sample types, species, and experimental conditions.
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Citations: Showing 1 - 10
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DNL343 is an investigational CNS penetrant eukaryotic initiation factor 2B activator that prevents and reverses the effects of neurodegeneration caused by the integrated stress response
Authors: Yulyaningsih, E;Suh, JH;Fanok, M;Chau, R;Solanoy, H;Takahashi, R;Bakardjiev, AI;Becerra, I;Benitez, NB;Chiu, CL;Davis, SS;Dowdle, WE;Earr, T;Estrada, AA;Gill, A;Ha, C;Haddick, PCG;Henne, KR;Larhammar, M;Leung, AW;Maciuca, R;Memarzadeh, B;Nguyen, HN;Nugent, AA;Osipov, M;Ran, Y;Rebadulla, K;Roche, E;Sandman, T;Wang, J;Lewcock, JW;Scearce-Levie, K;Kane, LA;Sanchez, PE;
eLife
Species: Mouse
Sample Types: Plasma, Tissue Homogenates, CSF
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GDF15 knockout does not substantially impact perinatal body weight or neonatal outcomes in mice
Authors: Mulcahy, MC;El Habbal, N;Redd, JR;Sun, H;Gregg, BE;Bridges, D;
bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology
Species: Mouse
Sample Types: Serum
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Protection against overfeeding-induced weight gain is preserved in obesity but does not require FGF21 or MC4R
Authors: Lund, C;Ranea-Robles, P;Falk, S;Rausch, DM;Skovbjerg, G;Vibe-Petersen, VK;Krauth, N;Skytte, JL;Vana, V;Roostalu, U;Pers, TH;Lund, J;Clemmensen, C;
Nature communications
Species: Mouse
Sample Types: Plasma
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Artesunate treats obesity in male mice and non-human primates through GDF15/GFRAL signalling axis
Authors: Guo, X;Asthana, P;Zhai, L;Cheng, KW;Gurung, S;Huang, J;Wu, J;Zhang, Y;Mahato, AK;Saarma, M;Ustav, M;Kwan, HY;Lyu, A;Chan, KM;Xu, P;Bian, ZX;Wong, HLX;
Nature communications
Species: Mouse
Sample Types: Plasma
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GDF15 is required for cold-induced thermogenesis and contributes to improved systemic metabolic health following loss of OPA1 in brown adipocytes
Authors: Jena, J;García-Peña, LM;Weatherford, ET;Marti, A;Bjorkman, SH;Kato, K;Koneru, J;Chen, JH;Seeley, RJ;Abel, ED;Pereira, RO;
eLife
Species: Mouse
Sample Types: Serum
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Decreased liver B vitamin-related enzymes as a metabolic hallmark of cancer cachexia
Authors: Kojima, Y;Mishiro-Sato, E;Fujishita, T;Satoh, K;Kajino-Sakamoto, R;Oze, I;Nozawa, K;Narita, Y;Ogata, T;Matsuo, K;Muro, K;Taketo, MM;Soga, T;Aoki, M;
Nature communications
Species: Transgenic Mouse, Mouse, Xenograft
Sample Types: Plasma
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A combination of metformin and galantamine exhibits synergistic benefits in the treatment of sarcopenia
Authors: Tezze, C;Amendolagine, FI;Nogara, L;Baraldo, M;Ciciliot, S;Arcidiacono, D;Zaramella, A;Masiero, G;Ferrarese, G;Realdon, S;Blaauw, B;Detienne, G;Beliën, AT;Sandri, M;Mercken, EM;
JCI insight
Species: Mouse
Sample Types: Urine
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Dietary medium-chain fatty acids reduce food intake via the GDF15-GFRAL axis in mice
Authors: Kanta, JM;Deisen, L;Johann, K;Holm, S;Lundsgaard, A;Lund, J;Jähnert, M;Schürmann, A;Clemmensen, C;Kiens, B;Fritzen, AM;Kleinert, M;
Molecular metabolism
Species: Mouse
Sample Types: Plasma
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Hyperphagia of female UCP1-deficient mice blunts anti-obesity effects of FGF21
Authors: Klein Hazebroek, M;Laterveer, R;Kutschke, M;Ramak Mar?eta, V;Barthem, CS;Keipert, S;
Scientific reports
Species: Mouse
Sample Types: Serum
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Non-Nutritive Sweetened Beverages Impair Therapeutic Benefits of Metformin in Prediabetic Diet-Induced Obese Mice
Authors: Singh, A;Rourk, K;Bernier, A;de Lartigue, G;
Nutrients
Species: Mouse
Sample Types: Plasma
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A coordinated multiorgan metabolic response contributes to human mitochondrial myopathy
Authors: Southwell, N;Primiano, G;Nadkarni, V;Attarwala, N;Beattie, E;Miller, D;Alam, S;Liparulo, I;Shurubor, YI;Valentino, ML;Carelli, V;Servidei, S;Gross, SS;Manfredi, G;Chen, Q;D'Aurelio, M;
EMBO molecular medicine
Species: Mouse
Sample Types: Plasma
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GDF15 neutralization restores muscle function and physical performance in a mouse model of cancer cachexia
Authors: JY Kim-Muller, L Song, B LaCarubba, E Pashos, X Li, A Rinaldi, S Joaquim, JC Stansfield, J Zhang, A Robertson, J Pang, A Opsahl, M Boucher, D Breen, K Hales, A Sheikh, Z Wu, BB Zhang
Cell Reports, 2023-01-10;42(1):111947.
Species: Mouse
Sample Types: Plasma
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Adipocytes control food intake and weight regain via Vacuolar-type H+ ATPase
Authors: RC Zapata, M Carretero, FCG Reis, BS Chaudry, J Ofrecio, D Zhang, R Sasik, T Ciaraldi, M Petraschec, O Osborn
Nature Communications, 2022-08-30;13(1):5092.
Species: Mouse
Sample Types: Plasma
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Blocking ActRIIB and restoring appetite reverses cachexia and improves survival in mice with lung cancer
Authors: AL Queiroz, E Dantas, S Ramsamooj, A Murthy, M Ahmed, ERM Zunica, RJ Liang, J Murphy, CD Holman, CJ Bare, G Ghahramani, Z Wu, DE Cohen, JP Kirwan, LC Cantley, CL Axelrod, MD Goncalves
Nature Communications, 2022-08-08;13(1):4633.
Species: Human
Sample Types: Serum
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Tubule-mitophagic secretion of SerpinG1 reprograms macrophages to instruct anti-septic acute kidney injury efficacy of high-dose ascorbate mediated by NRF2 transactivation
Authors: Y Ni, GH Wu, JJ Cai, R Zhang, Y Zheng, JQ Liu, XH Yang, X Yang, Y Shen, JM Lai, XM Ye, SJ Mo
International journal of biological sciences, 2022-08-08;18(13):5168-5184.
Species: Mouse
Sample Types: Cell Culture Supernates
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Targeting SLC7A11 improves efferocytosis by dendritic cells and wound healing in diabetes
Authors: S Maschalidi, P Mehrotra, BN Keçeli, HKL De Cleene, K Lecomte, R Van der Cr, P Janssen, J Pinney, G van Loo, D Elewaut, A Massie, E Hoste, KS Ravichandr
Nature, 2022-05-25;0(0):.
Species: Mouse
Sample Types: Cell Culture Supernates
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Reduced expression of mitochondrial complex I subunit Ndufs2 does not impact healthspan in mice
Authors: GS McElroy, RP Chakrabart, KB D'Alessand, K Vasan, J Tan, JS Stoolman, SE Weinberg, EM Steinert, PA Reyfman, BD Singer, WC Ladiges, L Gao, J Lopéz-Barn, GRS Budinger, NS Chandel
Scientific Reports, 2022-03-25;12(1):5196.
Species: Mouse
Sample Types: Serum
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eNAMPT actions through nucleus accumbens NAD+/SIRT1 link increased adiposity with sociability deficits programmed by peripuberty stress
Authors: L Morató, S Astori, I Zalachoras, J Rodrigues, S Ghosal, W Huang, I Guillot de, J Grosse, O Zanoletti, L Cao, J Auwerx, C Sandi
Science Advances, 2022-03-02;8(9):eabj9109.
Species: Mouse
Sample Types: Plasma
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Aging Aggravates Cachexia in Tumor-Bearing Mice
Authors: J Geppert, AA Walth, R Terrón Exp, D Kaltenecke, P Morigny, J Machado, M Becker, E Simoes, JDCC Lima, C Daniel, M Berriel Di, S Herzig, M Seelaender, M Rohm
Cancers, 2021-12-24;14(1):.
Species: Mouse
Sample Types: Plasma
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The enzymatic activity of inositol hexakisphosphate kinase controls circulating phosphate in mammals
Authors: Y Moritoh, SI Abe, H Akiyama, A Kobayashi, R Koyama, R Hara, S Kasai, M Watanabe
Nature Communications, 2021-08-11;12(1):4847.
Species: Rat
Sample Types: Plasma
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Inhibition of mitochondrial function by metformin increases glucose uptake, glycolysis and GDF-15 release from intestinal cells
Authors: M Yang, T Darwish, P Larraufie, D Rimmington, I Cimino, DA Goldspink, B Jenkins, A Koulman, CA Brighton, M Ma, BYH Lam, AP Coll, S O'Rahilly, F Reimann, FM Gribble
Scientific Reports, 2021-01-28;11(1):2529.
Species: Mouse
Sample Types: Cell Culture Supernates
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Discordant hepatic fatty acid oxidation and triglyceride hydrolysis leads to liver disease
Authors: ES Selen, J Choi, MJ Wolfgang
JCI Insight, 2021-01-25;6(2):.
Species: Transgenic Mouse
Sample Types: Serum
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Loss of Muscle Carnitine Palmitoyltransferase 2 Prevents Diet-Induced Obesity and Insulin Resistance despite Long-Chain Acylcarnitine Accumulation
Authors: AS Pereyra, A Rajan, CR Ferreira, JM Ellis
Cell Rep, 2020-11-10;33(6):108374.
Species: Mouse
Sample Types: Plasma
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Growth differentiation factor-15 as a biomarker for sarcopenia in aging humans and mice
Authors: H Kim, KM Kim, MJ Kang, S Lim
Exp Gerontol, 2020-10-16;142(0):111115.
Species: Mouse
Sample Types: Serum
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Cilostazol ameliorates diabetic nephropathy by inhibiting highglucose- induced apoptosis
Authors: CW Chian, YS Lee, YJ Lee, YH Chen, CP Wang, WC Lee, HJ Lee
Korean J. Physiol. Pharmacol., 2020-09-01;24(5):403-412.
Species: Rat
Sample Types: Tissue Homogenates
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The evolving systemic biomarker milieu in obese ZSF1 rat model of human cardiometabolic syndrome: Characterization of the model and cardioprotective effect of GDF15
Authors: M Stolina, X Luo, D Dwyer, CY Han, R Chen, Y Zhang, Y Xiong, Y Chen, J Yin, A Shkumatov, B Ason, C Hale, MM Véniant
PLoS ONE, 2020-08-17;15(8):e0231234.
Species: Rat
Sample Types: Serum
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Both male and female obese ZSF1 rats develop cardiac dysfunction in obesity-induced heart failure with preserved ejection fraction
Authors: ITN Nguyen, MM Brandt, J van de Wou, RWA van Drie, M Wesseling, MJ Cramer, SCA de Jager, D Merkus, DJ Duncker, C Cheng, JA Joles, MC Verhaar
PLoS ONE, 2020-05-06;15(5):e0232399.
Species: Rat
Sample Types: Plasma
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Exogenous GDF11, but not GDF8, reduces body weight and improves glucose homeostasis in mice
Authors: RG Walker, O Barrandon, T Poggioli, S Dagdeviren, SH Carroll, MJ Mills, KR Mendello, Y Gomez, FS Loffredo, JR Pancoast, C Macias-Tre, C Marts, KB LeClair, HL Noh, T Kim, AS Banks, JK Kim, DE Cohen, AJ Wagers, DA Melton, RT Lee
Sci Rep, 2020-03-12;10(1):4561.
Species: Mouse
Sample Types: Plasma
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Role of GDF15 in active lifestyle induced metabolic adaptations and acute exercise response in mice
Authors: CI Gil, M Ost, J Kasch, S Schumann, S Heider, S Klaus
Sci Rep, 2019-12-27;9(1):20120.
Species: Mouse
Sample Types: Plasma
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Exploring the In�Vivo Role of the Mitochondrial Calcium Uniporter in Brown Fat Bioenergetics
Authors: D Flicker, Y Sancak, E Mick, O Goldberger, VK Mootha
Cell Rep, 2019-04-30;27(5):1364-1375.e5.
Species: Mouse
Sample Types: Plasma
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GDF15 deficiency promotes high fat diet-induced obesity in mice
Authors: T Tran, J Yang, J Gardner, Y Xiong
PLoS ONE, 2018-08-02;13(8):e0201584.
Species: Mouse
Sample Types: Serum
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Supraphysiologic Administration of GDF11 Induces Cachexia in Part by Upregulating GDF15
Authors: JE Jones, SM Cadena, C Gong, X Wang, Z Chen, SX Wang, C Vickers, H Chen, E Lach-Trifi, JR Hadcock, DJ Glass
Cell Rep, 2018-02-06;22(6):1522-1530.
Species: Mouse
Sample Types: Plasma
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Partial involvement of Nrf2 in skeletal muscle mitohormesis as an adaptive response to mitochondrial uncoupling
Authors: V Coleman, P Sa-Nguanmo, J Koenig, TJ Schulz, T Grune, S Klaus, AP Kipp, M Ost
Sci Rep, 2018-02-05;8(1):2446.
Species: Mouse
Sample Types: Plasma
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Fasting exacerbates hepatic growth differentiation factor 15 to promote fatty acid ?-oxidation and ketogenesis via activating XBP1 signaling in liver
Authors: M Zhang, W Sun, J Qian, Y Tang
Redox Biol, 2018-02-01;16(0):87-96.
Species: Mouse
Sample Types: Tissue Homogenates
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Induction of Growth Differentiation Factor 15 in Skeletal Muscle of Old Taurine Transporter Knockout Mouse
Authors: T Ito, Y Nakanishi, N Yamaji, S Murakami, SW Schaffer
Biol. Pharm. Bull., 2018-01-01;41(3):435-439.
Species: Mouse
Sample Types: Serum
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Loss of Hepatic Mitochondrial Long-Chain Fatty Acid Oxidation Confers Resistance to Diet-Induced Obesity and Glucose Intolerance
Authors: J Lee, J Choi, ES Selen Alpe, L Zhao, T Hartung, S Scafidi, RC Riddle, MJ Wolfgang
Cell Rep, 2017-07-18;20(3):655-667.
Species: Mouse
Sample Types: Serum
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Mitochonic Acid 5 (MA-5) Facilitates ATP Synthase Oligomerization and Cell Survival in Various Mitochondrial Diseases
Authors: T Matsuhashi, T Sato, SI Kanno, T Suzuki, A Matsuo, Y Oba, M Kikusato, E Ogasawara, T Kudo, K Suzuki, O Ohara, H Shimbo, F Nanto, H Yamaguchi, D Saigusa, Y Mukaiyama, A Watabe, K Kikuchi, H Shima, E Mishima, Y Akiyama, Y Oikawa, HO Hsin-Jung, Y Akiyama, C Suzuki, M Uematsu, M Ogata, N Kumagai, M Toyomizu, A Hozawa, N Mano, Y Owada, S Aiba, T Yanagisawa, Y Tomioka, S Kure, S Ito, K Nakada, KI Hayashi, H Osaka, T Abe
EBioMedicine, 2017-05-13;0(0):.
Species: Mouse
Sample Types: Serum
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Oral Treatment with the Ghrelin Receptor Agonist HM01 Attenuates Cachexia in Mice Bearing Colon-26 (C26) Tumors
Authors: FO Villars, C Pietra, C Giuliano, TA Lutz, T Riediger
Int J Mol Sci, 2017-05-05;18(5):.
Species: Mouse
Sample Types: Plasma
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GDF15 is elevated in mice following retinal ganglion cell death and in glaucoma patients
Authors: N Ban, CJ Siegfried, JB Lin, YB Shui, J Sein, W Pita-Thoma, A Sene, A Santeford, M Gordon, R Lamb, Z Dong, SC Kelly, V Cavalli, J Yoshino, RS Apte
JCI Insight, 2017-05-04;2(9):.
Species: Mouse, Rat
Sample Types: Aqueous Humor
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Ghrelin protects against renal damages induced by angiotensin-II via an antioxidative stress mechanism in mice.
Authors: Fujimura K, Wakino S, Minakuchi H, Hasegawa K, Hosoya K, Komatsu M, Kaneko Y, Shinozuka K, Washida N, Kanda T, Tokuyama H, Hayashi K, Itoh H
PLoS ONE, 2014-04-18;9(4):e94373.
Species: Mouse
Sample Types: Urine
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