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Recombinant Rat GM-CSF Protein

Catalog #: 518-GM
10 Citations 2 Reviews Datasheet

Carrier Free

Catalog # Availability Size / Price Qty
518-GM-005/CF
518-GM-025/CF

With Carrier

Catalog # Availability Size / Price Qty
518-GM-005
518-GM-025
R&D Systems Recombinant Proteins and Enzymes
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Product Details
Citations (10)
FAQs
Reviews (2)
Summary Product Datasheets Carrier Free Data Images Reconstitution Calculator Background Related Research Areas

Recombinant Rat GM-CSF Protein Summary

Product Specifications

Purity
>97%, by SDS-PAGE under reducing conditions and visualized by silver stain
Endotoxin Level
<0.10 EU per 1 μg of the protein by the LAL method.
Activity
Measured in a cell proliferation assay using DA3 mouse myeloma cells. The ED50 for this effect is 5‑30 pg/mL.
Source
E. coli-derived rat GM-CSF protein
Ala1-Lys127, with and without an N-terminal Met
Accession #
P48750.1
N-terminal Sequence
Analysis
Met & Ala1
Predicted Molecular Mass
14.7 kDa

Product Datasheets

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518-GM (with carrier)

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518-GM/CF (carrier free)

Product Datasheet

Carrier Free

What does CF mean?

CF stands for Carrier Free (CF). We typically add Bovine Serum Albumin (BSA) as a carrier protein to our recombinant proteins. Adding a carrier protein enhances protein stability, increases shelf-life, and allows the recombinant protein to be stored at a more dilute concentration. The carrier free version does not contain BSA.

What formulation is right for me?

In general, we advise purchasing the recombinant protein with BSA for use in cell or tissue culture, or as an ELISA standard. In contrast, the carrier free protein is recommended for applications, in which the presence of BSA could interfere.

518-GM

Formulation Lyophilized from a 0.2 μm filtered solution in PBS with BSA as a carrier protein.
Reconstitution Reconstitute at 50 μg/mL in sterile PBS containing at least 0.1% human or bovine serum albumin.
Shipping The product is shipped at ambient temperature. Upon receipt, store it immediately at the temperature recommended below.
Stability & Storage: Use a manual defrost freezer and avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
  • 12 months from date of receipt, -20 to -70 °C as supplied.
  • 1 month, 2 to 8 °C under sterile conditions after reconstitution.
  • 3 months, -20 to -70 °C under sterile conditions after reconstitution.

518-GM/CF

Formulation Supplied as a 0.2 μm filtered solution in PBS.
Shipping The product is shipped with dry ice or equivalent. Upon receipt, store it immediately at the temperature recommended below.
Stability & Storage: Use a manual defrost freezer and avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
  • 12 months from date of receipt, -20 to -70 °C as supplied.
  • 1 month, 2 to 8 °C under sterile conditions after opening.

Background: GM-CSF

GM-CSF was initially characterized as a factor that can support the in vitro colony formation of granulocyte-macrophage progenitors. It is also a growth factor for erythroid, megakaryocyte, and eosinophil progenitors. GM-CSF is produced by a number of different cell types (including T cells, B cells, macrophages, mast cells, endothelial cells, fibroblasts, and adipocytes) in response to cytokine or inflammatory stimuli. On mature hematopoietic cells, GM-CSF is a survival factor for and activates the effector functions of granulocytes, monocytes/macrophages, and eosinophils (1, 2). GM-CSF promotes a Th1 biased immune response, angiogenesis, allergic inflammation, and the development of autoimmunity (3 - 5). It shows clinical effectiveness in ameliorating chemotherapy-induced neutropenia, and GM-CSF transfected tumor cells are utilized as cancer vaccines (6, 7). The 22 kDa glycosylated GM-CSF, similar to IL‑3 and IL‑5, is a cytokine with a core of four bundled alpha ‑helices (8 - 10). Mature rat GM-CSF shares 56% ‑ 69% amino acid sequence identity with canine, feline, human, mouse, and porcine GM‑CSF. GM‑CSF exerts its biological effects through a heterodimeric receptor complex composed of GM‑CSF R alpha /CD116 and the signal transducing common beta chain (CD131) which is also a component of the high-affinity receptors for IL-3 and IL-5 (11, 12). In addition, GM-CSF binds a naturally occurring soluble form of GM‑CSF R alpha (13). Rat GM‑CSF is active on mouse cells, although mouse GM‑CSF is only weakly active on rat cells (14, 15).

References
  1. Martinez-Moczygemba, M. and D.P. Huston (2003) J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. 112:653.
  2. Barreda, D.R. et al. (2004) Dev. Comp. Immunol. 28:509.
  3. Eksioglu, E.A. et al. (2007) Exp. Hematol. 35:1163.
  4. Cao, Y. (2007) J. Clin. Invest. 117:2362.
  5. Fleetwood, A.J. et al. (2005) Crit. Rev. Immunol. 25:405.
  6. Heuser, M. et al. (2007) Semin. Hematol. 44:148.
  7. Hege, K.M. et al. (2006) Int. Rev. Immunol. 25:321.
  8. Kaushansky, K. et al. (1992) Biochemistry 31:1881.
  9. Diederichs, K. et al. (1991) Science 254:1779.
  10. Smith, L.R. et al. (1994) Immunogenetics 39:80.
  11. Onetto-Pothier, N. et al. (1990) Blood 75:59.
  12. Hayashida, K. et al. (1990) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 87:9655.
  13. Pelley, J.L. et al. (2007) Exp. Hematol. 35:1483.
  14. Oaks, M.K. et al. (1995) J. Interferon Cytokine Res. 15:1095.
  15. Vandenabeele, P. et al. (1990) Lymphokine Res. 9:381.
Long Name
Granulocyte Macrophage Growth Factor
Entrez Gene IDs
1437 (Human); 12981 (Mouse); 116630 (Rat); 397208 (Porcine); 403923 (Canine); 493805 (Feline)
Alternate Names
colony stimulating factor 2 (granulocyte-macrophage); Colony-stimulating factor; CSF; CSF2; CSF-2; GMCSF; GM-CSF; GMCSFgranulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor; granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor; MGC131935; MGC138897; Molgramostim; molgramostin; Sargramostim

Citations for Recombinant Rat GM-CSF Protein

R&D Systems personnel manually curate a database that contains references using R&D Systems products. The data collected includes not only links to publications in PubMed, but also provides information about sample types, species, and experimental conditions.

10 Citations: Showing 1 - 10
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  1. Increased regulatory activity of intestinal innate lymphoid cells type 3 (ILC3) prevents experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis severity
    Authors: Lazarevi?, M;Stegnjai?, G;Jevti?, B;Despotovi?, S;Ignjatovi?, ?;Stanisavljevi?, S;Nikolovski, N;Mom?ilovi?, M;Fraser, GL;Dimitrijevi?, M;Miljkovi?, ?;
    Journal of neuroinflammation
    Species: N/A
    Sample Types: N/A
    Applications: ELISA Standard
  2. Astrocytes Stimulate Microglial Proliferation and M2 Polarization In Vitro through Crosstalk between Astrocytes and Microglia
    Authors: S Kim, Y Son
    International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 2021-08-16;22(16):.
    Species: Rat
    Sample Types: Whole Cells
    Applications: Bioassay
  3. Rat Cytomegalovirus Virion-Associated Proteins R131 and R129 Are Necessary for Infection of Macrophages and Dendritic Cells
    Authors: IKA Jones, NN Haese, P Gatault, ZJ Streblow, TF Andoh, M Denton, CE Streblow, K Bonin, CN Kreklywich, JM Burg, SL Orloff, DN Streblow
    Pathogens, 2020-11-19;9(11):.
    Species: Rat
    Sample Types: Whole Cells
    Applications: Bioassay
  4. A neuropeptide, Substance-P, directly induces tissue-repairing M2 like macrophages by activating the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway even in the presence of IFN?
    Authors: JE Lim, E Chung, Y Son
    Sci Rep, 2017-08-25;7(1):9417.
    Species: Rat
    Sample Types: Whole Cells
    Applications: Bioassay
  5. A Crucial Role of CXCL14 for Promoting Regulatory T Cells Activation in Stroke
    Authors: HT Lee, SP Liu, CH Lin, SW Lee, CY Hsu, HK Sytwu, CH Hsieh, WC Shyu
    Theranostics, 2017-02-08;7(4):855-875.
    Species: Rat
    Sample Types: In Vivo, Whole Cells
    Applications: Bioassay, In Vivo
  6. Ceruloplasmin potentiates nitric oxide synthase activity and cytokine secretion in activated microglia.
    Authors: Lazzaro M, Bettegazzi B, Barbariga M, Codazzi F, Zacchetti D, Alessio M
    J Neuroinflammation, 2014-09-16;11(0):164.
    Species: Rat
    Sample Types: Whole Cells
    Applications: Bioassay
  7. Optic nerve inflammation and demyelination in a rodent model of nonarteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy.
    Authors: Slater, Bernard, Vilson, Fernandi, Guo, Yan, Weinreich, Daniel, Hwang, Shelly, Bernstein, Steven L
    Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci, 2013-12-05;54(13):7952-61.
    Species: Rat
    Sample Types: In Vivo
    Applications: In Vivo
  8. EP2 receptor signaling pathways regulate classical activation of microglia.
    Authors: Quan Y, Jiang J, Dingledine R
    J Biol Chem, 2013-02-12;288(13):9293-302.
    Species: Rat
    Sample Types: Whole Cells
    Applications: Bioassay
  9. Fibroblast growth factor inhibits interferon gamma-STAT1 and interleukin 6-STAT3 signaling in chondrocytes.
    Authors: Krejci P, Prochazkova J, Bryja V, Jelinkova P, Pejchalova K, Kozubik A, Thompson LM, Wilcox WR
    Cell. Signal., 2008-10-12;21(1):151-60.
    Species: Rat
    Sample Types: Whole Cells
    Applications: Bioassay
  10. GM-CSF action in the CNS decreases food intake and body weight.
    Authors: Reed JA, Clegg DJ, Smith KB, Tolod-Richer EG, Matter EK, Picard LS, Seeley RJ
    J. Clin. Invest., 2005-11-01;115(11):3035-44.
    Species: Rat
    Sample Types: In Vivo
    Applications: In Vivo

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Reviews for Recombinant Rat GM-CSF Protein

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