Recombinant Human LAP (TGF-beta 1) Protein

Catalog #: 246-LP
28 Citations 1 Review Datasheet

Carrier Free

Catalog #	Availability	Size / Price	Qty
246-LP-025/CF

With Carrier

Catalog #	Availability	Size / Price	Qty
246-LP-025

R&D Systems Recombinant Proteins and Enzymes

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All LAP (TGF-beta 1) Proteins and Enzymes

Product Details

Citations (28)

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Reviews (1)

Summary Product Datasheets Carrier Free Data Images Reconstitution Calculator Background Related Research Areas

Recombinant Human LAP (TGF-beta 1) Protein Summary

Product Specifications

Purity

>97%, by SDS-PAGE visualized with Silver Staining and quantitative densitometry by Coomassie® Blue Staining.

Endotoxin Level

<0.10 EU per 1 μg of the protein by the LAL method.

Activity

Measured by its ability to inhibit TGF-beta 1 activity on HT‑2 mouse T cells. Tsang, M. et al. (1995) Cytokine 7:389. The ED₅₀ for this effect is 50-300 ng/mL in the presence of 1 ng/mL of Recombinant Human TGF‑ beta 1 (Catalog # 240-B).

Source

Spodoptera frugiperda, Sf 21 (baculovirus)-derived human LAP (TGF-beta 1) protein
Leu30-Arg278 (Cys33Ser)

Accession #

P01137.2

N-terminal Sequence
Analysis

Leu30

Structure / Form

Disulfide-linked homodimer

Predicted Molecular Mass

27 kDa (monomer)

SDS-PAGE

28-36 kDa, reducing & 60-70 kDa, non-reducing conditions (variably glycosylated)

Product Datasheets

246-LP (with carrier)

Product Datasheet

246-LP/CF (carrier free)

Product Datasheet

Carrier Free

What does CF mean?

CF stands for Carrier Free (CF). We typically add Bovine Serum Albumin (BSA) as a carrier protein to our recombinant proteins. Adding a carrier protein enhances protein stability, increases shelf-life, and allows the recombinant protein to be stored at a more dilute concentration. The carrier free version does not contain BSA.

What formulation is right for me?

In general, we advise purchasing the recombinant protein with BSA for use in cell or tissue culture, or as an ELISA standard. In contrast, the carrier free protein is recommended for applications, in which the presence of BSA could interfere.

246-LP

Formulation	Lyophilized from a 0.2 μm filtered solution in PBS with BSA as a carrier protein.
Reconstitution	Reconstitute at 100 μg/mL in sterile PBS containing at least 0.1% human or bovine serum albumin.
Shipping	The product is shipped at ambient temperature. Upon receipt, store it immediately at the temperature recommended below.
Stability & Storage:	Use a manual defrost freezer and avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles. 12 months from date of receipt, -20 to -70 °C as supplied. 1 month, 2 to 8 °C under sterile conditions after reconstitution. 3 months, -20 to -70 °C under sterile conditions after reconstitution.

246-LP/CF

Formulation	Lyophilized from a 0.2 μm filtered solution in PBS.
Reconstitution	Reconstitute at 100 μg/mL in sterile PBS.
Shipping	The product is shipped at ambient temperature. Upon receipt, store it immediately at the temperature recommended below.
Stability & Storage:	Use a manual defrost freezer and avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles. 12 months from date of receipt, -20 to -70 °C as supplied. 1 month, 2 to 8 °C under sterile conditions after reconstitution. 3 months, -20 to -70 °C under sterile conditions after reconstitution.

Background: LAP (TGF-beta 1)

TGF- beta 1 (transforming growth factor beta 1) and the closely related TGF-beta 2 and -beta 3 are members of the large TGF-beta superfamily. TGF‑ beta proteins are highly pleiotropic cytokines that regulate processes such as immune function, proliferation and epithelial‑mesenchymal transition (1‑3). Human TGF-beta 1 cDNA encodes a 390 amino acid (aa) precursor that contains a 29 aa signal peptide and a 361 aa proprotein (4). A furin-like convertase processes the proprotein within the trans-Golgi to generate an N-terminal 249 aa latency-associated peptide (LAP) and a C-terminal 112 aa mature TGF- beta 1 (4‑6). Disulfide-linked homodimers of LAP and TGF-beta 1 remain non-covalently associated after secretion, forming the small latent TGF-beta 1 complex (4‑8). Purified LAP is also capable of associating with active TGF-beta with high affinity, and can neutralize TGF-beta activity (9). Covalent linkage of LAP to one of three latent TGF-beta binding proteins (LTBPs) creates a large latent complex that may interact with the extracellular matrix (5‑7). TGF-beta activation from latency is controlled both spatially and temporally, by multiple pathways that include actions of proteases such as plasmin and MMP9, and/or by thrombospondin 1 or selected integrins (5, 8). The LAP portion of human TGF-beta 1 shares 91%, 92%, 85%, 86% and 88% aa identity with porcine, canine, mouse, rat and equine TGF-beta 1 LAP, respectively, while mature human TGF-beta 1 portion shares 100% aa identity with porcine, canine and bovine TGF-beta 1, and 99% aa identity with mouse, rat and equine TGF-beta 1. Although different isoforms of TGF-beta are naturally associated with their own distinct LAPs, the TGF-beta 1 LAP is capable of complexing with, and inactivating, all other human TGF-beta isoforms and those of most other species (9). Mutations within the LAP are associated with Camurati-Engelmann disease, a rare sclerosing bone dysplasia characterized by inappropriate presence of active TGF-beta 1 (10).

References

Dunker, N. & K. Krieglstein (2000) Eur. J. Biochem. 267:6982.
Wahl, S.M. (2006) Immunol. Rev. 213:213.
Chang, H. et al. (2002) Endocr. Rev. 23:787.
Derynck, R. et al. (1985) Nature 316:701.
Dabovic, B. and D.B. Rifkin (2008) “TGF-beta Bioavailability” in The TGF-beta Family. Derynck, R. and K. Miyazono (eds): Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, p. 179.
Brunner, A.M. et al. (1989) J. Biol. Chem. 264:13660.
Miyazono, K. et al. (1991) EMBO J. 10:1091.
Oklu, R. and R. Hesketh (2000) Biochem. J. 352:601.
Miller, D.M. et al. (1992) Mol. Endocrinol. 6:694.
Janssens, K. et al. (2003) J. Biol. Chem. 278:7718.

Long Name

Latency-associated Peptide

Entrez Gene IDs

7040 (Human)

Alternate Names

CED; DPD1; LAP (TGFbeta 1); LAP (TGF-beta 1); LAP; TGFB; TGFB1; TGFbeta; transforming growth factor beta 1

Related Research Areas

Citations for Recombinant Human LAP (TGF-beta 1) Protein

R&D Systems personnel manually curate a database that contains references using R&D Systems products. The data collected includes not only links to publications in PubMed, but also provides information about sample types, species, and experimental conditions.

28 Citations: Showing 1 - 10
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Modulation of galectin-9 mediated responses in monocytes and T-cells by pregnancy-specific glycoprotein 1
Authors: Mendoza, M;Ballesteros, A;Rendon-Correa, E;Tonk, R;Warren, J;Snow, AL;Stowell, SR;Blois, SM;Dveksler, G;
The Journal of biological chemistry
Species: Human
Sample Types: Whole Cells
Applications: Bioassay
Assessing the combined impact of fatty liver-induced TGF-?1 and LPS-activated macrophages in fibrosis through a novel 3D serial section methodology
Authors: Ishiyama, S;Hayatsu, M;Toriumi, T;Tsuda, H;Watanabe, K;Kasai, H;Kishigami, S;Mochizuki, K;Mikami, Y;
Scientific reports
Species: Human
Sample Types: Whole Cells
Applications: Bioassay
Differential regulation of fibronectin expression and fibrillogenesis by autocrine TGF-?1 signaling in malignant and benign mammary epithelial cells
Authors: Sofroniou, MM;Lemmon, CA;
The international journal of biochemistry & cell biology
Species: Human
Sample Types: Transfected Whole Cells, Whole Cells
Applications: Bioassay
De novo design of highly selective miniprotein inhibitors of integrins ?v?6 and ?v?8
Authors: Roy, A;Shi, L;Chang, A;Dong, X;Fernandez, A;Kraft, JC;Li, J;Le, VQ;Winegar, RV;Cherf, GM;Slocum, D;Poulson, PD;Casper, GE;Vallecillo-Zúniga, ML;Valdoz, JC;Miranda, MC;Bai, H;Kipnis, Y;Olshefsky, A;Priya, T;Carter, L;Ravichandran, R;Chow, CM;Johnson, MR;Cheng, S;Smith, M;Overed-Sayer, C;Finch, DK;Lowe, D;Bera, AK;Matute-Bello, G;Birkland, TP;DiMaio, F;Raghu, G;Cochran, JR;Stewart, LJ;Campbell, MG;Van Ry, PM;Springer, T;Baker, D;
Nature communications
Species: Human
Sample Types: Recombinant Protein
Applications: Bioassay
Non-destructive, continuous monitoring of biochemical, mechanical, and structural maturation in engineered tissue
Authors: AK Haudenschi, BE Sherlock, X Zhou, CS Sheaff, JC Hu, JK Leach, L Marcu, KA Athanasiou
Scientific Reports, 2022-09-28;12(1):16227.
Species: Bovine
Sample Types: Whole Cells
Applications: cell culture media
Latent TGF-beta1 protects against diabetic kidney disease via Arkadia/Smad7 signaling
Authors: W Wu, XR Huang, Y You, L Xue, XJ Wang, X Meng, X Lin, J Shen, X Yu, HY Lan, H Chen
International journal of biological sciences, 2021-08-19;17(13):3583-3594.
Species: Mouse
Sample Types: Whole Cells
Applications: Bioassay
Integrin &alphav&beta8 serves as a Novel Marker of Poor Prognosis in Colon Carcinoma and Regulates Cell Invasiveness through the Activation of TGF-&beta1
Authors: M Zhou, J Niu, J Wang, H Gao, M Shahbaz, Z Niu, Z Li, X Zou, B Liang
J Cancer, 2020-04-06;11(13):3803-3815.
Species: Human
Sample Types: Whole Cells
Applications: Bioassay
Pharmacologic inhibition of RGD-binding integrins ameliorates fibrosis and improves function following kidney injury
Authors: J Basta, L Robbins, L Stout, MJ Prinsen, DW Griggs, M Rauchman
Physiol Rep, 2020-04-01;8(7):e14329.
Species: Human
Sample Types: Whole Cells
Applications: Bioassay
Inter-&alpha-inhibitor heavy chain-1 has an integrin-like 3D structure mediating immune regulatory activities and matrix stabilization during ovulation
Authors: DC Briggs, AWW Langford-S, HL Birchenoug, TA Jowitt, CM Kielty, JJ Enghild, C Baldock, CM Milner, AJ Day
J. Biol. Chem., 2020-03-06;0(0):.
Applications: Surface Plasmon Resonance
The TGF-? inhibitory activity of antibody 37E1B5 depends on its H-CDR2 glycan
Authors: Lynne A Murray
MAbs, 2016-11-11;0(0):0.
Species: Mouse
Sample Types: Protein
Applications: Bioassay

PSG9 Stimulates Increase in FoxP3+ Regulatory T-Cells through the TGF-?1 Pathway
PLoS ONE, 2016-07-07;11(7):e0158050.
Species: Human
Sample Types: Protein
Applications: Surface Plasmon Resonance

Fibroblast Activation Protein (FAP) Accelerates Collagen Degradation and Clearance from Lungs in Mice
Authors: MH Fan, Q Zhu, HH Li, HJ Ra, S Majumdar, DL Gulick, JA Jerome, DH Madsen, M Christofid, DW Speicher, WW Bachovchin, C Feghali-Bo, E Puré
J. Biol. Chem., 2015-12-09;291(15):8070-89.
Applications: Bioassay

alpha5 and alphav integrins cooperate to regulate vascular smooth muscle and neural crest functions in vivo.
Authors: Turner C, Badu-Nkansah K, Crowley D, van der Flier A, Hynes R
Development, 2015-02-15;142(4):797-808.
Species: Mouse
Sample Types: Whole Cells
Applications: Bioassay

The alphavbeta6 integrin is transferred intercellularly via exosomes.
Authors: Fedele C, Singh A, Zerlanko B, Iozzo R, Languino L
J Biol Chem, 2015-01-07;290(8):4545-51.
Species: Human
Sample Types: Whole Cells
Applications: Bioassay

Induction and activation of latent transforming growth factor-beta1 are carried out by two distinct domains of pregnancy-specific glycoprotein 1 (PSG1).
Authors: Ballesteros A, Mentink-Kane M, Warren J, Kaplan G, Dveksler G
J Biol Chem, 2014-12-29;290(7):4422-31.
Species: Human
Sample Types: Protein
Applications: Surface Plasmon Resonance

Antimony resistant Leishmania donovani but not sensitive ones drives greater frequency of potent T-regulatory cells upon interaction with human PBMCs: role of IL-10 and TGF-beta in early immune response.
Authors: Guha R, Das S, Ghosh J, Sundar S, Dujardin J, Roy S
PLoS Negl Trop Dis, 2014-07-17;8(7):e2995.
Species: Human
Sample Types: Whole Cells
Applications: Bioassay

Mesenchymal stromal cells induce epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition in human colorectal cancer cells through the expression of surface-bound TGF-beta.
Authors: Mele V, Muraro M, Calabrese D, Pfaff D, Amatruda N, Amicarella F, Kvinlaug B, Bocelli-Tyndall C, Martin I, Resink T, Heberer M, Oertli D, Terracciano L, Spagnoli G, Iezzi G
Int J Cancer, 2014-01-30;134(11):2583-94.
Species: Human
Sample Types: Whole Cells
Applications: Bioassay

Integrin alphavbeta6 promotes an osteolytic program in cancer cells by upregulating MMP2.
Authors: Dutta A, Li J, Lu H, Akech J, Pratap J, Wang T, Zerlanko B, FitzGerald T, Jiang Z, Birbe R, Wixted J, Violette S, Stein J, Stein G, Lian J, Languino L
Cancer Res, 2014-01-02;74(5):1598-608.
Species: Human
Sample Types: Whole Cells
Applications: Bioassay

Kidney transplantation: analysis of the expression and T cell-mediated activation of latent TGF-beta.
Authors: Willet J, Pichitsiri W, Jenkinson S, Brain J, Wood K, Alhasan A, Spielhofer J, Robertson H, Ali S, Kirby J
J Leukoc Biol, 2012-11-27;93(4):471-8.
Species: Human
Sample Types: Whole Cells
Applications: Bioassay

Nonmyelinating Schwann cells maintain hematopoietic stem cell hibernation in the bone marrow niche.
Authors: Yamazaki S, Ema H, Karlsson G, Yamaguchi T, Miyoshi H, Shioda S, Taketo MM, Karlsson S, Iwama A, Nakauchi H
Cell, 2011-11-23;147(5):1146-58.
Species: Mouse
Sample Types: In Vivo
Applications: In Vivo

Overexpression of TGF-ÃŸ 1 gene induces cell surface localized glucose-regulated protein 78-associated latency-associated peptide/TGF-ÃŸ.
Authors: Oida T, Weiner HL
J. Immunol., 2010-08-18;185(6):3529-35.
Species: Mouse
Sample Types: In Vivo
Applications: Antibody Production

Analysis of adhesion molecules, target cells, and role of IL-2 in human FOXP3+ regulatory T cell suppressor function.
Authors: Tran DQ, Glass DD, Uzel G, Darnell DA, Spalding C, Holland SM, Shevach EM
J. Immunol., 2009-03-01;182(5):2929-38.
Species: Mouse
Sample Types: Whole Cells
Applications: Bioassay

Human anti-inflammatory macrophages induce Foxp3+ GITR+ CD25+ regulatory T cells, which suppress via membrane-bound TGFbeta-1.
Authors: Savage ND, De Boer T, Walburg KV, Joosten SA, van Meijgaarden K, Geluk A, Ottenhoff TH
J. Immunol., 2008-08-01;181(3):2220-6.
Species: Human
Sample Types: Whole Cells
Applications: Bioassay

The aberrant methylation of TSP1 suppresses TGF-beta1 activation in colorectal cancer.
Authors: Rojas A, Meherem S, Kim YH, Washington MK, Willis JE, Markowitz SD, Grady WM
Int. J. Cancer, 2008-07-01;123(1):14-21.
Species: Porcine
Sample Types: Protein
Applications: Bioassay

Antibody-mediated blockade of integrin alpha v beta 6 inhibits tumor progression in vivo by a transforming growth factor-beta-regulated mechanism.
Authors: Van Aarsen LA, Leone DR, Ho S, Dolinski BM, McCoon PE, LePage DJ, Kelly R, Heaney G, Rayhorn P, Reid C, Simon KJ, Horan GS, Tao N, Gardner HA, Skelly MM, Gown AM, Thomas GJ, Weinreb PH, Fawell SE, Violette SM
Cancer Res., 2008-01-15;68(2):561-70.
Species: Human
Sample Types: Whole Cells
Applications: Bioassay

Cord blood CD4(+)CD25(+)-derived T regulatory cell lines express FoxP3 protein and manifest potent suppressor function.
Authors: Godfrey WR, Spoden DJ, Ge YG, Baker SR, Liu B, Levine BL, June CH, Blazar BR, Porter SB
Blood, 2004-09-16;105(2):750-8.
Species: Human
Sample Types: Cell Culture Supernates
Applications: Bioassay

TGF-beta 1 plays an important role in the mechanism of CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cell activity in both humans and mice.
Authors: Kitani A, Fuss I, Pedersen A, Nawata H
J. Immunol., 2004-01-15;172(2):834-42.
Species: Mouse
Sample Types: Whole Cells
Applications: Bioassay

Latency-associated peptide prevents skin fibrosis in murine sclerodermatous graft-versus-host disease, a model for human scleroderma.
Authors: Zhang Y, McCormick LL, Gilliam AC
J. Invest. Dermatol., 2003-10-01;121(4):713-9.
Species: Mouse
Sample Types: In Vivo
Applications: In Vivo