Recombinant Rat CCL21/6Ckine Protein Summary
Product Specifications
Ser24-Gln133
Analysis
Product Datasheets
7949-6C (with carrier)
7949-6C/CF (carrier free)
Carrier Free
CF stands for Carrier Free (CF). We typically add Bovine Serum Albumin (BSA) as a carrier protein to our recombinant proteins. Adding a carrier protein enhances protein stability, increases shelf-life, and allows the recombinant protein to be stored at a more dilute concentration. The carrier free version does not contain BSA.
In general, we advise purchasing the recombinant protein with BSA for use in cell or tissue culture, or as an ELISA standard. In contrast, the carrier free protein is recommended for applications, in which the presence of BSA could interfere.
7949-6C
| Formulation | Lyophilized from a 0.2 μm filtered solution in PBS with BSA as a carrier protein. |
| Reconstitution | Reconstitute at 100 μg/mL in PBS containing at least 0.1% human or bovine serum albumin. |
| Shipping | The product is shipped at ambient temperature. Upon receipt, store it immediately at the temperature recommended below. |
| Stability & Storage: | Use a manual defrost freezer and avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
|
7949-6C/CF
| Formulation | Lyophilized from a 0.2 μm filtered solution in PBS. |
| Reconstitution | Reconstitute at 100 μg/mL in PBS. |
| Shipping | The product is shipped at ambient temperature. Upon receipt, store it immediately at the temperature recommended below. |
| Stability & Storage: | Use a manual defrost freezer and avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
|
Background: CCL21/6Ckine
CCL21, also known as 6Ckine, TCA-4, SLC, Exodus-2, and A21, is a 12 kDa, homeostatic chemokine that plays an important role in the adaptive immune response and inflammation (1). Unlike other CC chemokines, rat CCL21 has a 36 amino acid (aa) C-terminal extension which mediates its attachment to carbohydrate structures and extracellular matrix components (2, 3). Mature rat CCL21 shares 66% and 84% aa sequence identity with human and mouse CCL21, respectively. Both human and mouse CCL21 signal through the chemokine receptor CCR7, while mouse (and likely rat) CCL21 can additionally signal through CXCR3 (4). CCL21 is constitutively presented on distal/terminal lymphatic vessels, high endothelial venules (HEV), and lymph node dendritic cells (DC) (5-7). Immobilized CCL21 promotes the docking of DC to lymphatic vessels and the retention of T cells by lymph node DC, resulting in T cell priming for activation (5, 6). DC interaction with the anchored chemokine can induce CCL21 cleavage and release of an 8 kDa fragment that lacks the C-terminal extension (7). During chronic inflammation or tissue damage, CCL21 is expressed by local vascular endothelial cells, macrophages, T cells, and neurons (8-11). In these settings, it promotes fibrosis, inflammatory cytokine production, and neuropathic pain (9-11). The soluble chemokine is elevated in the synovial fluid of rheumatoid arthritis patients, and in the serum of patients with coronary artery disease (8, 10). CCL21 has been shown to exert angiogenic or angiostatic effects (8, 12, 13). These effects, in combination with the ability of CCL21 to attract immune suppressor cells such as Treg and MDSC to a tumor site, can have either positive or negative effects on tumor progression (13, 14).
- Forster, R. et al. (2008) Nat. Rev. Immunol. 8:362.
- Yang, B.G. et al. (2007) J. Immunol. 179:4376.
- Rey-Gallardo, A. et al. (2010) Glycobiology 20:1139.
- Jenh, C. et al. (1999) J. Immunol. 162:3765.
- Tal, O. et al. (2011) J. Exp. Med. 208:2141.
- Friedman, R.S. et al. (2006) Nat. Immunol. 7:1101.
- Schumann, K. et al. (2010) Immunity 32:703.
- Pickens, S.R. et al. (2012) Arthritis Rheum. 64:2471.
- Sakai, N. et al. (2006) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 103:14098.
- Damas, J.K. et al. (2007) Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol. 27:614.
- Biber, K. et al. (2011) EMBO J. 30:1864.
- Soto, H. et al. (1998) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 95:8205.
- Vicari, A.P. et al. (2000) J. Immunol. 165:1992.
- Shields, J.D. et al. (2010) Science 328:749.
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