Recombinant Porcine CD31/PECAM-1 Protein, CF Summary
Product Specifications
Optimal dilutions should be determined by each laboratory for each application.
Gln28-Lys602, with a C-terminal 6-His tag
Analysis
Product Datasheets
3387-PC
Carrier Free
CF stands for Carrier Free (CF). We typically add Bovine Serum Albumin (BSA) as a carrier protein to our recombinant proteins. Adding a carrier protein enhances protein stability, increases shelf-life, and allows the recombinant protein to be stored at a more dilute concentration. The carrier free version does not contain BSA.
In general, we advise purchasing the recombinant protein with BSA for use in cell or tissue culture, or as an ELISA standard. In contrast, the carrier free protein is recommended for applications, in which the presence of BSA could interfere.
3387-PC
| Formulation | Lyophilized from a 0.2 μm filtered solution in PBS. |
| Reconstitution | Reconstitute at 100 μg/mL in sterile PBS. |
| Shipping | The product is shipped at ambient temperature. Upon receipt, store it immediately at the temperature recommended below. |
| Stability & Storage: | Use a manual defrost freezer and avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
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Background: CD31/PECAM-1
CD31, also known as PECAM-1 (platelet-endothelial cell adhesion molecule-1), is a 130 kDa type I transmembrane glycoprotein adhesion molecule in the immunoglobulin superfamily (1, 2). Expression is restricted to the vascular system, especially endothelial cells, platelets, monocytes, neutrophils and lymphocyte subsets. CD31 is concentrated at cell-cell junctions and is required for transendothelial migration (TEM) (1 - 3). The extracellular domain (ECD) of CD31 has ten potential N-glycosylation sites and six C2-type Ig-like domains, the first of which is critical for adhesion and extravasation (3, 4). The cytoplasmic domain contains immunoregulatory tyrosine-based inhibitory and switch motifs (ITIM, ITSM) that mediate both inhibition and activation via phosphotyrosine-mediated engagement of SH2-containing signaling molecules (1, 5). Metalloproteinase-mediated ectodomain shedding occurs during apoptosis (6) but increased serum CD31 ectodomain in HIV and active multiple sclerosis occurs independent of apoptosis (7, 8). In humans, expression of six isoforms with exon deletions in the cytoplasmic domain is tissue- and stage-specific, but full-length CD31 is predominant. A form lacking the ITSM predominates in mouse (9). Porcine CD31 ECD shows 74%, 73%, 70%, 63% and 62% amino acid (aa) identity with bovine, canine, human, mouse and rat CD31, respectively. CD31 participates with other adhesion molecules for most functions but is the critical molecule for TEM. Homotypic CD31 adhesion in trans combined with cycling of CD31 to and from surface-connected endothelial cell vesicles leads leukocytes across endothelial tight junctions (3, 10). Homotypic adhesion and signaling functions also strongly suppress mitochondria-dependent apoptosis (11). In platelets, PECAM-1 is necessary for limiting thrombus formation (12) and promoting integrin-mediated clot retraction and platelet spreading (13), but mechanisms for these phenomena are unclear. CD31-/- mice are deficient in chemokine-mediated chemotaxis (14).
- Ilan, N. and J.A. Madri (2003) Curr Opin. Cell Biol. 15:515.
- Nasu, K. et al. (1999) Transplantation 68:861.
- Liao, F. et al. (1997) J. Exp. Med. 185:1349.
- Nakada, M.T. et al. (2000) J. Immunol. 164:452.
- Chemnitz, J.M. et al. (2004) J. Immunol. 173:945.
- Ilan, N. et al. (2001) FASEB J. 15:362.
- Eugenin, E.A. et al. (2006)J. Leukoc. Biol. 79:444.
- Losy, J. et al. (1999) 99:169.
- Wang, Y. et al. (2003) Am. J. Physiol. Heart Circ. Physiol. 284:H1008.
- Mamdouh, Z. et al. (2003) Nature 421:748.
- Gao, C. et al. (2003) Blood 102:169.
- Falati, S. et al. (2006) Blood 107:535.
- Wee, J. L. and D.E. Jackson (2005) Blood 106:3816.
- Wu, Y. et al. (2005) J. Immunol. 175:3484.
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