Recombinant Mouse Lysyl Oxidase Homolog 2 Protein, CF
Recombinant Mouse Lysyl Oxidase Homolog 2 Protein, CF Summary
Product Specifications
Gln26-Gln776
with a C-terminal 6-His tag
Analysis
Product Datasheets
9259-AO
Carrier Free
CF stands for Carrier Free (CF). We typically add Bovine Serum Albumin (BSA) as a carrier protein to our recombinant proteins. Adding a carrier protein enhances protein stability, increases shelf-life, and allows the recombinant protein to be stored at a more dilute concentration. The carrier free version does not contain BSA.
In general, we advise purchasing the recombinant protein with BSA for use in cell or tissue culture, or as an ELISA standard. In contrast, the carrier free protein is recommended for applications, in which the presence of BSA could interfere.
9259-AO
| Formulation | Supplied as a 0.2 μm filtered solution in MES and NaCl. |
| Shipping | The product is shipped with polar packs. Upon receipt, store it immediately at the temperature recommended below. |
| Stability & Storage: | Use a manual defrost freezer and avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
|
Assay Procedure
- Assay Buffer: 50 mM Sodium Borate, 250 mM Urea, 10 mM CaCl2, pH 8.0
- Recombinant Mouse Oxidase Homolog 2/LOXL2 (rmLOXL2) (Catalog # 9259-AO)
- Coupling Enzyme: Horseradish Peroxidase (HRP), 250-330 U/mg (Sigma, Catalog # P8375), 250 units/mL stock in 0.1 M Sodium Phosphate, pH 8.0
- Substrate Component 1: Benzylamine (Sigma, Catalog # B5136), 100 mM stock in deionized water
- Substrate Component 2: Amplex Ultra Red (AUR) (Molecular Probes, Catalog # A36006), 10 mM stock in DMSO
- F16 Black Maxisorp Plate (Nunc, Catalog # 475515)
- Fluorescent Plate Reader (Model: SpectraMax Gemini EM by Molecular Devices) or equivalent
- Dilute rmLOXL2 to 40 ng/µL in Assay Buffer.
- Dilute Benzylamine to 8 mM in Assay Buffer.
- Combine equal volumes of 40 ng/µL rmLOXL2 and 8 mM Benzylamine. Also create a Substrate Blank by combining equal volumes of Assay Buffer and 8 mM Benzylamine.
- Incubate the reactions for 30 minutes at 37 °C.
- Prepare Substrate Mixture containing 2 units/mL HRP and 40 µM AUR in Assay Buffer.
- Load 50 µL of the incubated reactions into the wells of a black well plate, and add 50 µL of Substrate Mixture to each well.
- Read at excitation and emission wavelengths of 544 nm and 590 nm (top read), respectively in endpoint mode. Note: A cutoff must be set manually at a wavelength of 570 nm.
- Calculate specific activity:
Specific Activity (pmol/min/µg) = | Adjusted Fluorescence* (RFU) x Conversion Factor** (pmol/RFU) |
| Incubation time (min) x amount of enzyme (µg) |
*Adjusted for Substrate Blank
**Derived using a fluorescent standard prepared by incubating 20 µM AUR, 1 unit/mL HRP, 2 mM Benzylamine, and a curve of Hydrogen Peroxide (Sigma, Catalog # H1009) in Assay Buffer. Use this oxidized AUR curve to determine the conversion factor.
- rmLOXL2: 1 µg
- Benzylamine: 2 mM
- HRP: 1 unit/mL
- AUR: 20 µM
Scientific Data
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1 μg/lane of Recombinant Mouse Lysyl Oxidase Homolog 2 (Catalog # 9259-AO) and 1 μg/lane of competitor Lysyl Oxidase Homolog 2 was resolved with 4-20% SDS-PAGE under reducing (R) and non-reducing (NR) conditions and visualized by silver staining. The competitor product is predominantly truncated/degraded material.
Background: Lysyl Oxidase Homolog 2/LOXL2
Lysyl Oxidase Homolog 2 (lysyl oxidase-like protein 2, LOXL2) is a member of lysyl oxidase-like (LOXL) gene family which includes LOXL1 through LOXL4. These enzymes are secreted copper-binding amine oxidases that oxidize primary amine substrates to aldehydes (1). The N-terminal region of LOXL2 contains four scavenger receptor cysteine-rich (SRCR) domains, and the C-terminal region is a catalytic domain similar to other lysyl oxidases (1). The catalytic domain contains conserved residues required for copper binding and formation of a lysyl tyrosylquinone co-factor (2). It has been shown that LOXL2 promotes cell migration and tumor cell invasiveness (3, 4). Elevated expression of LOXL2 is also associated with cancer progression in various tumors and carcinoma cell lines, which makes it a potential marker for prognosis of cancer (5). LOXL2 is expressed in many tissues, with elevated levels in reproductive tissues such as placenta, uterus, and prostate (6). Activity is routinely determined using benzylamine as a substrate, although significantly higher activity is detected when activity is quantified using lysine as the substrate.
- Csiszar, H. (2001) Prog. Nucleic Acid Res. Mol. Biol. 70:1.
- Maki, J.M. and K.I. Kivirikko (2001) Biochem J. 355:381.
- Akiri, G. et al. (2003) Cancer Res. 63:1657.
- Hollosi, P. et al. (2009) Int. J. Cancer. 125:318.
- Peinado, H. et al. (2008) Cancer Res. 68:4541.
- Jourdan-Le Saux C. et al. (1999) J. Biol. Chem. 274:12939.
Citations for Recombinant Mouse Lysyl Oxidase Homolog 2 Protein, CF
R&D Systems personnel manually curate a database that contains references using R&D Systems products. The data collected includes not only links to publications in PubMed, but also provides information about sample types, species, and experimental conditions.
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Citations: Showing 1 - 2
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Topical application of an irreversible small molecule inhibitor of lysyl oxidases ameliorates skin scarring and fibrosis
Authors: N Chaudhari, AD Findlay, AW Stevenson, TD Clemons, Y Yao, A Joshi, S Sayar, G Wallace, S Rea, P Toshniwal, Z Deng, PE Melton, N Hortin, KS Iyer, W Jarolimek, FM Wood, MW Fear
Nature Communications, 2022-09-22;13(1):5555.
Species: Mouse
Sample Types: Whole Cells
Applications: Bioassay -
Measurement of lysyl oxidase activity from small tissue samples and cell cultures
Authors: PC Trackman, MV Bais
Methods Cell Biol., 2017-10-28;143(0):147-156.
Species: Mouse
Sample Types: Whole Tissue
Applications: Bioassay
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