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Recombinant Mouse CX3CL1/Fractalkine (Chemokine Domain)

Catalog #: 458-MF
8 Citations 1 Review Datasheet

Carrier Free

Catalog # Availability Size / Price Qty
458-MF-025/CF

With Carrier

Catalog # Availability Size / Price Qty
458-MF-025
R&D Systems Recombinant Proteins and Enzymes
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Product Details
Citations (8)
FAQs
Reviews (1)
Summary Product Datasheets Carrier Free Data Images Reconstitution Calculator Background Related Research Areas

Recombinant Mouse CX3CL1/Fractalkine (Chemokine Domain) Summary

Product Specifications

Purity
>97%, by SDS-PAGE under reducing conditions and visualized by silver stain
Endotoxin Level
<0.01 EU per 1 μg of the protein by the LAL method.
Activity
Measured by its ability to chemoattract BaF3 mouse pro‑B cells transfected with mouse CX3CR1. The ED50 for this effect is 10-50 ng/mL.
Source
E. coli-derived mouse CX3CL1/Fractalkine protein
Leu22-Lys105
Accession #
O35188
N-terminal Sequence
Analysis
Leu22
Predicted Molecular Mass
9.5 kDa

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458-MF (with carrier)

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458-MF/CF (carrier free)

Product Datasheet

Carrier Free

What does CF mean?

CF stands for Carrier Free (CF). We typically add Bovine Serum Albumin (BSA) as a carrier protein to our recombinant proteins. Adding a carrier protein enhances protein stability, increases shelf-life, and allows the recombinant protein to be stored at a more dilute concentration. The carrier free version does not contain BSA.

What formulation is right for me?

In general, we advise purchasing the recombinant protein with BSA for use in cell or tissue culture, or as an ELISA standard. In contrast, the carrier free protein is recommended for applications, in which the presence of BSA could interfere.

458-MF

Formulation Lyophilized from a 0.2 μm filtered solution in Acetonitrile and TFA with BSA as a carrier protein.
Reconstitution Reconstitute at 100 μg/mL in sterile PBS containing at least 0.1% human or bovine serum albumin.
Shipping The product is shipped at ambient temperature. Upon receipt, store it immediately at the temperature recommended below.
Stability & Storage: Use a manual defrost freezer and avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
  • 12 months from date of receipt, -20 to -70 °C as supplied.
  • 1 month, 2 to 8 °C under sterile conditions after reconstitution.
  • 3 months, -20 to -70 °C under sterile conditions after reconstitution.

458-MF/CF

Formulation Lyophilized from a 0.2 μm filtered solution in Acetonitrile and TFA.
Reconstitution Reconstitute at 100 μg/mL in sterile PBS.
Shipping The product is shipped at ambient temperature. Upon receipt, store it immediately at the temperature recommended below.
Stability & Storage: Use a manual defrost freezer and avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
  • 12 months from date of receipt, -20 to -70 °C as supplied.
  • 1 month, 2 to 8 °C under sterile conditions after reconstitution.
  • 3 months, -20 to -70 °C under sterile conditions after reconstitution.

Background: CX3CL1/Fractalkine

Fractalkine, designated CX3CL1 and also known as neurotactin, is the only member of the CX3C, or delta, chemokine subfamily (1 ‑ 4). Unlike most other chemokines, CX3CL1 is a type I transmembrane (TM) adhesion protein (1). The mouse CX3CL1 cDNA encodes 395 amino acids (aa), including a signal sequence (aa 1 ‑ 24), a chemokine domain (aa 25 ‑ 100), a mucin stalk region (aa 101 ‑ 336), a transmembrane segment (aa 337 ‑ 357), and a cytoplasmic tail (aa 358 ‑ 395). The chemokine domain contains binding and chemotactic determinants, while the mucin stalk appears to function only as a spacer (4, 5). Mouse CX3CL1 shares 85% and 78% aa sequence identity with rat and human CX3CL1, respectively, within the chemokine domain, but lower sequence identity within other domains. CX3CL1 is up‑regulated by pro‑inflammatory stimuli, especially IFN‑ gamma and TNF‑ alpha, on cell types including macrophages, dendritic cells, endothelium, neurons, smooth muscle and epithelium lining the intestines and other tubules (1, 8, 9). The 40 kDa, 7‑TM non‑glycosylated G‑protein coupled CX3CL1 receptor, CX3CR1, is expressed by cytotoxic effector cells and cytokine producers, including type I helper and cytotoxic T cells, gamma δ T cells, CD16+ NK cells, monocytes and microglia (1, 2). The 95 ‑ 100 kDa TM CX3CL1 can be inducibly cleaved near the TM segment by ADAM10 or ADAM17 to generate a 60 ‑ 80 kDa soluble form (6, 7). TM CX3CL1 functions as an adhesion molecule, while both forms are chemoattractants for target cells expressing CX3CR1 (1, 2). During extravasation, membrane‑bound CX3CL1 traps leukocytes, then is cleaved to allow diapedesis (6). In coronary artery disease, soluble CX3CL1 and CD8+ T cell CX3CR1 are overexpressed and appear to contribute to pathogenesis (1, 10). In the brain, CX3CL1/CX3CR1 interaction protects against microglial neurotoxicity (11). CX3CL1 also contributes to wound healing by recruiting macrophages, and to bone resorption by recruiting and mediating adhesion of osteoclast precursors (12, 13).

References
  1. Stievano, L. et al. (2004) Crit. Rev. Immunol. 24:205.
  2. Umehara, H. et al. (2004) Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol. 24:34.
  3. Rossi, D.L. et al. (1998) Genomics 47:163.
  4. Mizoue, L.S. et al. (2001) J. Biol. Chem. 276:33906.
  5. Harrison, J.K. et al. (2001) J. Biol. Chem. 276:21632.
  6. Hundhausen, C. et al. (2007) J. Immunol. 178:8064.        
  7. Tsou, C. et al. (2001) J. Biol. Chem. 276:44622.
  8. Tarozzo, G. et al. (2003) J. Neurosci. Res. 73:81.
  9. Lucas, A.D. et al. (2001) Am. J. Pathol. 158:855.
  10. Damas, J.K. et al. (2005) Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol. 25:2567.
  11. Cardona, A.E. et al. (2006) Nat. Neurosci. 9:917.
  12. Koizumi, K. et al. (2009) J. Immunol. 183:7825.
  13. Ishida, Y. et al. (2008) J. Immunol. 180:569.
Entrez Gene IDs
6376 (Human); 20312 (Mouse); 89808 (Rat); 102117496 (Cynomolgus Monkey)
Alternate Names
ABCD-3; C3Xkine; chemokine (C-X3-C motif) ligand 1; CX3C membrane-anchored chemokine; CX3CL1; CXC3; CXC3C; FKN; Fractalkine; Neurotactin; neurotactin); NTNsmall inducible cytokine subfamily D (Cys-X3-Cys), member 1 (fractalkine; NTTSmall-inducible cytokine D1; SCYD1C-X3-C motif chemokine 1; small inducible cytokine subfamily D (Cys-X3-Cys), member-1

Citations for Recombinant Mouse CX3CL1/Fractalkine (Chemokine Domain)

R&D Systems personnel manually curate a database that contains references using R&D Systems products. The data collected includes not only links to publications in PubMed, but also provides information about sample types, species, and experimental conditions.

8 Citations: Showing 1 - 8
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  1. CX3CL1 Action on Microglia Protects from Diet-Induced Obesity by Restoring POMC Neuronal Excitability and Melanocortin System Activity Impaired by High-Fat Diet Feeding
    Authors: J Banerjee, MD Dorfman, R Fasnacht, JD Douglass, AC Wyse-Jacks, A Barria, JP Thaler
    International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 2022-06-07;23(12):.
    Species: Mouse
    Sample Types: Whole Cells
    Applications: Bioassay
  2. Immunogenicity and inflammatory properties of respiratory syncytial virus attachment G protein in cotton rats
    Authors: ME Martinez, C Capella Go, D Huey, ME Peeples, D McCarty, S Niewiesk
    PLoS ONE, 2021-02-18;16(2):e0246770.
    Species: Rat
    Sample Types: In Vivo
    Applications: Bioassay
  3. A novel role of FKN/CX3CR1 in promoting osteogenic transformation of VSMCs and atherosclerotic calcification
    Authors: T Yang, L Guo, L Chen, J Li, Q Li, Y Pi, J Zhu, L Zhang
    Cell Calcium, 2020-08-12;91(0):102265.
    Species: Mouse
    Sample Types: Whole Cells
    Applications: Bioassay
  4. The chemokine fractalkine (CX3CL1) attenuates H2O2-induced demyelination in cerebellar slices
    Authors: SA O'Sullivan, KK Dev
    J Neuroinflammation, 2017-08-15;14(1):159.
    Species: Mouse
    Sample Types: Whole Tissue
    Applications: Bioassay
  5. Migrating Interneurons Secrete Fractalkine to Promote Oligodendrocyte Formation in the Developing Mammalian Brain
    Authors: A Voronova, SA Yuzwa, BS Wang, S Zahr, C Syal, J Wang, DR Kaplan, FD Miller
    Neuron, 2017-05-03;94(3):500-516.e9.
    Species: Mouse
    Sample Types: Whole Cells
    Applications: Bioassay
  6. MFG-E8 regulates microglial phagocytosis of apoptotic neurons.
    Authors: Fuller AD, Van Eldik LJ
    J Neuroimmune Pharmacol, 2008-08-01;3(4):246-56.
    Species: Mouse
    Sample Types: Whole Cells
    Applications: Bioassay
  7. Fractalkine upregulates intercellular adhesion molecule-1 in endothelial cells through CX3CR1 and the Jak Stat5 pathway.
    Authors: Yang XP, Mattagajasingh S, Su S, Chen G, Cai Z, Fox-Talbot K, Irani K, Becker LC
    Circ. Res., 2007-09-20;101(10):1001-8.
    Species: Mouse
    Sample Types: In Vivo, Whole Cells
    Applications: Bioassay, In Vivo
  8. The role of CCL21 in recruitment of T-precursor cells to fetal thymi.
    Authors: Ueno T, Kuse S, Saito F, Nitta T, Kakiuchi T, Hollander GA, Takahama Y
    Blood, 2004-09-09;105(1):31-9.
    Species: Mouse
    Sample Types: Whole Cells
    Applications: Bioassay

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Reviews for Recombinant Mouse CX3CL1/Fractalkine (Chemokine Domain)

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Recombinant Mouse CX3CL1/Fractalkine (Chemokine Domain)
By Anonymous on 12/05/2016
Application: Immunoassay Standard
Reason for Rating: It works well but shows a very high reading on mouse ELISA
Immunoassay Standard Recombinant Mouse CX3CL1/Fractalkine (Chemokine Domain) 458-MF