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Recombinant Human Latent TGF-beta 1 Protein

Catalog #: 299-LT
19 Citations 3 Reviews Datasheet
Soon to be discontinued. New Cat# will be 299-LTB

Carrier Free

Catalog # Availability Size / Price Qty
299-LT-005/CF
299-LT-025/CF

With Carrier

Catalog # Availability Size / Price Qty
299-LT-005
Recombinant Human Latent TGF-beta 1 Protein Bioactivity
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Product Details
Citations (19)
FAQs
Reviews (3)
Summary Product Datasheets Carrier Free Data Images Reconstitution Calculator Background Related Research Areas

Recombinant Human Latent TGF-beta 1 Protein Summary

Product Specifications

Purity
>97%, by SDS-PAGE under reducing conditions and visualized by silver stain.
Endotoxin Level
<0.10 EU per 1 μg of the protein by the LAL method.
Activity
Measured by its ability to inhibit the IL-4-dependent proliferation of HT‑2 mouse T cells. Tsang, M. et al. (1995) Cytokine 7:389. The ED50 for this effect is 10-70 ng/mL before acid activation and 0.15‑0.9 ng/mL after acid activation.
Source
Chinese Hamster Ovary cell line, CHO-derived human TGF-beta 1 protein
Leu30-Ser390
Accession #
P01137
N-terminal Sequence
Analysis
Leu30 (LAP) & Ala279 (Mature)
Predicted Molecular Mass
28.5 kDa (LAP) & 12.8 kDa (Mature), Monomer
SDS-PAGE
36-42 kDa & 11 kDa, reducing conditions
80-95 kDa & 24 kDa, non-reducing conditions

Product Datasheets

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299-LT (with carrier)

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299-LT/CF (carrier free)

Product Datasheet

Carrier Free

What does CF mean?

CF stands for Carrier Free (CF). We typically add Bovine Serum Albumin (BSA) as a carrier protein to our recombinant proteins. Adding a carrier protein enhances protein stability, increases shelf-life, and allows the recombinant protein to be stored at a more dilute concentration. The carrier free version does not contain BSA.

What formulation is right for me?

In general, we advise purchasing the recombinant protein with BSA for use in cell or tissue culture, or as an ELISA standard. In contrast, the carrier free protein is recommended for applications, in which the presence of BSA could interfere.

299-LT

Formulation Supplied as a 0.2 μm filtered solution in PBS and Glycerol with BSA as a carrier protein.
Shipping The product is shipped with dry ice or equivalent. Upon receipt, store it immediately at the temperature recommended below.
Stability & Storage: Use a manual defrost freezer and avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
  • 12 months from date of receipt, -70 °C as supplied.
  • 1 month, 2 to 8 °C under sterile conditions after opening.
  • 3 months, ≤ -20 °C under sterile conditions after opening.

299-LT/CF

Formulation Supplied as a 0.2 μm filtered solution in PBS and Glycerol.
Shipping The product is shipped with dry ice or equivalent. Upon receipt, store it immediately at the temperature recommended below.
Stability & Storage: Use a manual defrost freezer and avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
  • 12 months from date of receipt, -70 °C as supplied.
  • 1 month, 2 to 8 °C under sterile conditions after opening.
  • 3 months, ≤ -20 °C under sterile conditions after opening.

Scientific Data

Bioactivity Recombinant Human Latent TGF-beta 1 Protein Bioactivity View Larger

Recombinant Human Latent TGF-beta beta 1 (Catalog # 299-LT) after acid activation inhibits Recombinant Mouse IL-4 (Catalog # 404-ML) induced cell proliferation in the HT-2 mouse T cell line. The ED50 for this effect is 0.15-0.9 ng/mL after acid activation.

SDS-PAGE Recombinant Human Latent TGF-beta 1 Protein SDS-PAGE View Larger

1 μg/lane of Recombinant Human Latent TGF‑ beta 1 was resolved with SDS-PAGE under reducing (R) and non-reducing (NR) conditions and visualized by silverstaining, showing bands at 11, 36-42 kDa (R) and 24, 80-95 kDa (NR).

Background: TGF-beta 1

TGF-  beta 1 (transforming growth factor beta 1) and the closely related TGF-beta 2 and -3 are members of the large TGF-beta  superfamily. TGF-  beta proteins are highly pleiotropic cytokines that regulate processes such as immune function, proliferation and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (1-3). Human TGF-beta 1 cDNA encodes a 390 amino acid (aa) precursor that contains a 29 aa signal peptide and a 361 aa proprotein (4). A furin-like convertase processes the proprotein within the trans-Golgi to generate an N‑terminal 249 aa latency-associated peptide (LAP) and a C-terminal 112 aa mature TGF-beta 1 (4-6). Disulfide-linked homodimers of LAP and TGF-beta 1 remain non‑covalently associated after secretion, forming the small latent TGF-beta 1 complex (4-8). Purified LAP is also capable of associating with active TGF-beta with high affinity, and can neutralize TGF-beta activity (9). Covalent linkage of LAP to one of three latent TGF-beta binding proteins (LTBPs) creates a large latent complex that may interact with the extracellular matrix (5-7). TGF-beta activation from latency is controlled both spatially and temporally, by multiple pathways that include actions of proteases such as plasmin and MMP9, and/or by thrombospondin 1 or selected integrins (5, 8). The LAP portion of human TGF-beta 1 shares 91%, 92%, 85%, 86% and 88% aa identity with porcine, canine, mouse, rat and equine TGF-beta 1 LAP, respectively, while the mature human TGF-beta 1 portion shares 100% aa identity with procine, canine and bovine TGF-beta 1, and 99% aa identity with mouse, rat and equine TGF-beta 1. Although different isoforms of TGF-beta are naturally associated with their own distinct LAPs, the TGF-beta 1 LAP is capable of complexing with, and inactivating, all other human TGF-beta isoforms and those of most other species (9). Mutations within the LAP are associated with Camurati-Engelmann disease, a rare sclerosing bone dysplasia characterized by inappropriate presence of active TGF-beta 1 (10).

References
  1. Dunker, N. and K. Krieglstein (2000) Eur. J. Biochem. 267:6982.
  2. Wahl, S.M. (2006) Immunol. Rev. 213:213.
  3. Chang, H. et al. (2002) Endocr. Rev. 23:787.
  4. Derynck, R. et al. (1985) Nature 316:701.
  5. Dabovic, B. and D.B. Rifkin (2008) “TGF-beta Bioavailability” in The TGF-beta Family. Derynck, R. and K. Miyazono (eds): Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, p. 179.
  6. Brunner, A.M. et al. (1989) J. Biol. Chem. 264:13660.
  7. Miyazono, K. et al. (1991) EMBO J. 10:1091.
  8. Oklu, R. and R. Hesketh (2000) Biochem. J. 352:601.
  9. Miller, D.M. et al. (1992) Mol. Endocrinol. 6:694.
  10. Janssens, K. et al. (2003) J. Biol. Chem. 278:7718.
Long Name
Transforming Growth Factor beta 1
Entrez Gene IDs
7040 (Human); 21803 (Mouse); 59086 (Rat); 397078 (Porcine); 100033900 (Equine)
Alternate Names
CEDLAP; DPD1; latency-associated peptide; TGF beta; TGF beta1; TGFB; TGFB1; TGF-beta 1 protein; TGFbeta 1; TGF-beta 1; TGFbeta; TGF-beta-1; transforming growth factor beta-1; transforming growth factor, beta 1

Citations for Recombinant Human Latent TGF-beta 1 Protein

R&D Systems personnel manually curate a database that contains references using R&D Systems products. The data collected includes not only links to publications in PubMed, but also provides information about sample types, species, and experimental conditions.

19 Citations: Showing 1 - 10
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  1. Gut dysbiosis promotes the breakdown of oral tolerance mediated through dysfunction of mucosal dendritic cells
    Authors: T Fukaya, T Uto, S Mitoma, H Takagi, Y Nishikawa, M Tominaga, N Choijookhu, Y Hishikawa, K Sato
    Cell Reports, 2023-04-25;42(5):112431.
    Species: Human
    Sample Types: Whole Cells
    Applications: Bioassay
  2. High glucose promotes regulatory T cell differentiation
    Authors: E Pitmon, EV Meehan, E Ahmadi, AJ Adler, K Wang
    PLoS ONE, 2023-02-02;18(2):e0280916.
    Species: Mouse
    Sample Types: Whole Cells
    Applications: Bioassay
  3. TGF-beta1 Reduces Neutrophil Adhesion and Prevents Acute Vaso-Occlusive Processes in Sickle Cell Disease Mice
    Authors: LS Torres, H Chweih, FCZ Fabris, EMF Gotardo, FC Leonardo, STO Saad, FF Costa, N Conran
    Cells, 2022-04-02;11(7):.
    Species: Mouse
    Sample Types: In Vivo
    Applications: Bioassay
  4. Immune modulation by complement receptor 3-dependent human monocyte TGF-beta1-transporting vesicles
    Authors: LD Halder, EAH Jo, MZ Hasan, M Ferreira-G, T Krüger, M Westermann, DI Palme, G Rambach, N Beyersdorf, C Speth, ID Jacobsen, O Kniemeyer, B Jungnickel, PF Zipfel, C Skerka
    Nat Commun, 2020-05-11;11(1):2331.
    Species: Human
    Sample Types: Whole Cells
    Applications: Bioassay
  5. Inter-&alpha-inhibitor heavy chain-1 has an integrin-like 3D structure mediating immune regulatory activities and matrix stabilization during ovulation
    Authors: DC Briggs, AWW Langford-S, HL Birchenoug, TA Jowitt, CM Kielty, JJ Enghild, C Baldock, CM Milner, AJ Day
    J. Biol. Chem., 2020-03-06;0(0):.
    Applications: Surface Plasmon Resonance
  6. Identification of the growth factor binding sequence in the extracellular matrix protein MAGP-1
    Authors: TJ Broekelman, NK Bodmer, RP Mecham
    J. Biol. Chem., 2020-01-27;0(0):.
    Species: N/A
    Sample Types: Protein
    Applications: Surface Plasmon Resonance
  7. D-Mannose Enhanced Immunomodulation of Periodontal Ligament Stem Cells via Inhibiting IL-6 Secretion
    Authors: L Guo, Y Hou, L Song, S Zhu, F Lin, Y Bai
    Stem Cells Int, 2018-09-09;2018(0):7168231.
    Species: Human
    Sample Types: Whole Cells
    Applications: Bioassay
  8. Dendritic cells from rheumatoid arthritis patient peripheral blood induce Th17 cell differentiation via miR-363/Integrin ?v/TGF-? axis
    Authors: F Pan, H Xiang, J Yan, L Hong, L Zhang, Y Liu, X Feng, C Cai
    Scand. J. Immunol., 2017-06-01;0(0):.
    Species: Human
    Sample Types: Whole Cells
    Applications: Bioassay
  9. PSG9 Stimulates Increase in FoxP3+ Regulatory T-Cells through the TGF-?1 Pathway
    PLoS ONE, 2016-07-07;11(7):e0158050.
    Species: Human
    Sample Types: Protein
    Applications: Surface Plasmon Resonance
  10. A cationic-independent mannose 6-phosphate receptor inhibitor (PXS64) ameliorates kidney fibrosis by inhibiting activation of transforming growth factor-beta1.
    Authors: Zhang J, Wong M, Wong M, Gross S, Chen J, Pollock C, Saad S
    PLoS ONE, 2015-02-06;10(2):e0116888.
    Species: Human
    Sample Types: Whole Cells
    Applications: Bioassay
  11. Induction and activation of latent transforming growth factor-beta1 are carried out by two distinct domains of pregnancy-specific glycoprotein 1 (PSG1).
    Authors: Ballesteros A, Mentink-Kane M, Warren J, Kaplan G, Dveksler G
    J Biol Chem, 2014-12-29;290(7):4422-31.
    Species: Human
    Sample Types: Protein
    Applications: Surface Plasmon Resonance
  12. Transcriptional regulation of seprase in invasive melanoma cells by transforming growth factor-beta signaling.
    Authors: Tulley S, Chen W
    J Biol Chem, 2014-04-13;289(22):15280-96.
    Species: Human
    Sample Types: Whole Cells
    Applications: Bioassay
  13. The HIV-1 envelope protein gp120 impairs B cell proliferation by inducing TGF-beta1 production and FcRL4 expression.
    Authors: Jelicic K, Cimbro R, Nawaz F, Huang D, Zheng X, Yang J, Lempicki R, Pascuccio M, Van Ryk D, Schwing C, Hiatt J, Okwara N, Wei D, Roby G, David A, Hwang I, Kehrl J, Arthos J, Cicala C, Fauci A
    Nat Immunol, 2013-10-27;14(12):1256-65.
    Species: Human
    Sample Types: Whole Cells
    Applications: Bioassay
  14. Thrombospondin-1 induction in the diabetic myocardium stabilizes the cardiac matrix in addition to promoting vascular rarefaction through angiopoietin-2 upregulation.
    Authors: Gonzalez-Quesada C, Cavalera M, Biernacka A, Kong P, Lee D, Saxena A, Frunza O, Dobaczewski M, Shinde A, Frangogiannis N
    Circ Res, 2013-09-30;113(12):1331-44.
    Species: Mouse
    Sample Types: Whole Cells
    Applications: Bioassay
  15. Calpain mediates pulmonary vascular remodeling in rodent models of pulmonary hypertension, and its inhibition attenuates pathologic features of disease.
    Authors: Ma W, Han W, Greer PA, Tuder RM, Toque HA, Wang KK, Caldwell RW, Su Y
    J. Clin. Invest., 2011-10-17;121(11):4548-66.
    Species: Porcine
    Sample Types: Protein
    Applications: Activation
  16. IGF-1 increases invasive potential of MCF 7 breast cancer cells and induces activation of latent TGF-beta1 resulting in epithelial to mesenchymal transition.
    Authors: Walsh L, Damjanovski S
    Cell Commun Signal, 2011-05-02;9(1):10.
    Species: Human
    Sample Types: Whole Cells
    Applications: Cell Culture
  17. Membrane protein GARP is a receptor for latent TGF-beta on the surface of activated human Treg.
    Authors: Stockis J, Colau D, Coulie PG, Lucas S
    Eur. J. Immunol., 2009-12-01;39(12):3315-22.
    Species: Human
    Sample Types: Recombinant Protein
    Applications: Binding Assay
  18. Antibody-mediated blockade of integrin alpha v beta 6 inhibits tumor progression in vivo by a transforming growth factor-beta-regulated mechanism.
    Authors: Van Aarsen LA, Leone DR, Ho S, Dolinski BM, McCoon PE, LePage DJ, Kelly R, Heaney G, Rayhorn P, Reid C, Simon KJ, Horan GS, Tao N, Gardner HA, Skelly MM, Gown AM, Thomas GJ, Weinreb PH, Fawell SE, Violette SM
    Cancer Res., 2008-01-15;68(2):561-70.
    Species: Human
    Sample Types: Whole Cells
    Applications: Bioassay
  19. Metastable tolerance to rhesus monkey renal transplants is correlated with allograft TGF-beta 1+CD4+ T regulatory cell infiltrates.
    Authors: Torrealba JR, Katayama M, Fechner JH, Jankowska-Gan E, Kusaka S, Schultz JM, Hu H, Hamawy MM, Jonker M, Wubben J, Doxiadis G, Bontrop R, Burlingham WJ, Knechtle SJ
    J. Immunol., 2004-05-01;172(9):5753-64.
    Applications: Western Blot

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Reviews for Recombinant Human Latent TGF-beta 1 Protein

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Recombinant Human Latent TGF-beta 1 Protein
By Anonymous on 03/29/2019
Application: Immunoassay Standard
Immunoassay Standard Recombinant Human Latent TGF-beta 1 Protein 299-LT
Recombinant Human Latent TGF-beta 1 Protein
By Denis Streltsov on 11/21/2018
Application: In vitro bioactivity in cell culture
Reason for Rating: consistent and robust response in assay models
In vitro bioactivity in cell culture Recombinant Human Latent TGF-beta 1 Protein 299-LT
Recombinant Human Latent TGF-beta 1 Protein
By Anonymous on 01/13/2016
Application: Media additive for protein or antibody production
Reason for Rating: Performed as expected. R&D makes reliable products.