Recombinant Human Insulin R/CD220 (aa 28-944) Protein
Recombinant Human Insulin R/CD220 (aa 28-944) Protein Summary
Product Specifications
His28-Arg750 ( alpha subunit) & Ser751-Lys944 with a C-terminal 10-His tag ( beta subunit)
Analysis
Product Datasheets
1544-IR (with carrier)
1544-IR/CF (carrier free)
Carrier Free
CF stands for Carrier Free (CF). We typically add Bovine Serum Albumin (BSA) as a carrier protein to our recombinant proteins. Adding a carrier protein enhances protein stability, increases shelf-life, and allows the recombinant protein to be stored at a more dilute concentration. The carrier free version does not contain BSA.
In general, we advise purchasing the recombinant protein with BSA for use in cell or tissue culture, or as an ELISA standard. In contrast, the carrier free protein is recommended for applications, in which the presence of BSA could interfere.
1544-IR
| Formulation | Lyophilized from a 0.2 μm filtered solution in PBS with BSA as a carrier protein. |
| Reconstitution | Reconstitute at 100 μg/mL in sterile PBS containing at least 0.1% human or bovine serum albumin. |
| Shipping | The product is shipped at ambient temperature. Upon receipt, store it immediately at the temperature recommended below. |
| Stability & Storage: | Use a manual defrost freezer and avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
|
1544-IR/CF
| Formulation | Lyophilized from a 0.2 μm filtered solution in PBS. |
| Reconstitution | Reconstitute at 100 μg/mL in sterile PBS. |
| Shipping | The product is shipped with polar packs. Upon receipt, store it immediately at the temperature recommended below. |
| Stability & Storage: | Use a manual defrost freezer and avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
|
Background: Insulin R/CD220
The Insulin Receptor (gene name INSR, designated CD220) is a type I transmembrane glycoprotein in the Insulin/IGF Receptor family of receptor tyrosine kinases that share structural similarity and overlapping intracellular signaling events (1-3). The 1370 amino acid (aa) human Insulin R preproprotein (A isoform) is processed by proteolysis to remove the signal peptide and produce an extracellular alpha portion (aa 28-750), and an extracellular/transmembrane/cytoplasmic beta subunit (aa 751-1370) (4). The extracellular domain (ECD) contains two homologous globular domains separated by a cysteine-rich domain and followed by three fibronectin type III domains. The intracellular region contains insulin-receptor substrate (IRS) docking sites, the kinase domain, and a phosphotyrosine-containing linker region. The human Insulin R ECD shares 96% aa sequence identity with mouse, rat, equine and canine Insulin R. As a result of alternative splicing, two INSR isoforms that differ by the absence (IR-A) or presence (IR-B) of a 12 aa residue sequence in the carboxyl terminus of the alpha subunit exist (4). IR-A expression is highest in fetal tissues and cancer cells, while IR-B is concentrated in adult differentiated cells (2-5). IR-A and IR-B may homodimerize, or heterodimerize with the IGF-I receptor (1, 3, 4). All receptor combinations bind insulin, IGF-I or IGF-II, but with differing affinities; for example, IR-A has considerably higher affinity for IGF-II as compared to IR-B (2-5). This system allows fine tuning of signaling pathways according to the concentrations of insulin, IGF-I and IGF-II, and expression of receptor subunits on the cell surface (2, 3). Insulin R signaling regulates glucose uptake and metabolism, but also contributes to cell growth, differentiation and apoptosis (2, 3, 5, 6). Mutations in the Insulin R gene have been linked severe insulin resistance (type A and Rabson-Mendenhall syndrome) that may include type II diabetes mellitus and, rarely, leprechaunism (Donohue syndrome) that also includes growth delays and endocrine system abnormalities (1, 7). The R&D Systems human Insulin R consists of the entire ECD of the IR-A isoform.
- Nakae, J. et al. (2001) Endoc. Rev. 22:818.
- Sciacca, L. et al. (2003) Endocrinology 144:2650.
- Belfiore, A. et al. (2009) Endocrine Rev. 30:586.
- Lawrence, M.C. et al. (2007) Curr. Opin. Struct. Biol. 17:699.
- Sacco, A. et al. (2009) Endocrinology 150:3594.
- Kitamura, T. et al. (2004) J. Clin. Invest. 113:209.
- Musso, C. et al. (2004) Medicine (Baltimore) 83:209.
Citations for Recombinant Human Insulin R/CD220 (aa 28-944) Protein
R&D Systems personnel manually curate a database that contains references using R&D Systems products. The data collected includes not only links to publications in PubMed, but also provides information about sample types, species, and experimental conditions.
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Citations: Showing 1 - 8
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Clostridia and Enteroviruses as Synergistic Triggers of Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Root-Bernstein, R;Chiles, K;Huber, J;Ziehl, A;Turke, M;Pietrowicz, M;
International journal of molecular sciences
Species: Human
Sample Types: Whole Cells
Applications: Bioassay -
An aptamer agonist of the insulin receptor acts as a positive or negative allosteric modulator, depending on its concentration
Authors: NO Yunn, J Lee, HS Lee, EJ Oh, M Park, S Park, SY Jin, E Shin, JWY Lee, Y Kim, SS Bae, SH Ryu
Experimental & Molecular Medicine, 2022-04-27;54(4):531-541.
Species: N/A
Sample Types: Aptamer
Applications: Bioassay -
A hotspot for enhancing insulin receptor activation revealed by a conformation-specific allosteric aptamer
Authors: NO Yunn, M Park, S Park, J Lee, J Noh, E Shin, SH Ryu
Nucleic Acids Research, 2021-01-25;49(2):700-712.
Species: Human
Sample Types: DNA
Applications: Bioassay -
Cardiac pericytes function as key vasoactive cells to regulate homeostasis and disease
Authors: LL Lee, AY Khakoo, V Chintalgat
FEBS Open Bio, 2020-12-14;0(0):.
Species: Mouse
Sample Types: Whole Cells
Applications: Cell Culture -
Structure of the Insulin Receptor-Insulin Complex by Single Particle CryoEM analysis
Authors: G Scapin, VP Dandey, Z Zhang, W Prosise, A Hruza, T Kelly, T Mayhood, C Strickland, CS Potter, B Carragher
Nature, 2018-02-28;0(0):.
Applications: Bioassay -
A Small Insulinomimetic Molecule Also Improves Insulin Sensitivity in Diabetic Mice
Authors: S Mukherjee, M Chattopadh, S Bhattachar, S Dasgupta, S Hussain, SK Bharadwaj, D Talukdar, A Usmani, BS Pradhan, SS Majumdar, P Chattopadh, S Mukhopadhy, TK Maity, MK Chaudhuri, S Bhattachar
PLoS ONE, 2017-01-10;12(1):e0169809.
Applications: Bioassay -
Inhibition of insulin receptor function by a human, allosteric monoclonal antibody: a potential new approach for the treatment of hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia.
Authors: Corbin, John A, Bhaskar, Vinay, Goldfine, Ira D, Issafras, Hassan, Bedinger, Daniel H, Lau, Angela, Michelson, Kristen, Gross, Lisa M, Maddux, Betty A, Kuan, Hua F, Tran, Catarina, Lao, Llewelyn, Handa, Masahisa, Watson, Susan R, Narasimha, Ajay J, Zhu, Shirley, Levy, Raphael, Webster, Lynn, Wijesuriya, Sujeewa, Liu, Naichi, Wu, Xiaorong, Chemla-Vogel, David, Lee, Steve R, Wong, Steve, Wilcock, Diane, Rubin, Paul, White, Mark L
MAbs, 2014-01-01;6(1):262-72.
Species: Hamster
Sample Types: Whole Cells
Applications: Bioassay -
A novel ultra-sensitive enzyme immunoassay for soluble human insulin receptor ectodomain and its measurement in urine from healthy subjects and patients with diabetes mellitus.
Authors: Umehara A, Nishioka M, Obata T
Clin. Biochem., 2009-06-25;42(13):1468-75.
Applications: ELISA (Standard)
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Average Rating: 1 (Based on 1 Review)
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Reason for Rating: With this antibody, I didnt see any signal in WB blot. I dont understand why. As you see in the figure, using the same cell lysates, another antibody (LDLR, R&D, 2355) worked quite well.
