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Recombinant Human GDF-15 (Human Cell-expressed) Protein

Catalog #: 8146-GD Datasheet

Carrier Free

Catalog # Availability Size / Price Qty
8146-GD-010/CF
8146-GD-025/CF

With Carrier

Catalog # Availability Size / Price Qty
8146-GD-010
8146-GD-025
Recombinant Human GDF‑15 Protein Binding Activity.
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Summary Product Datasheets Carrier Free Data Images Reconstitution Calculator Background Related Research Areas

Recombinant Human GDF-15 (Human Cell-expressed) Protein Summary

Product Specifications

Purity
>95%, by SDS-PAGE visualized with Silver Staining and quantitative densitometry by Coomassie® Blue Staining.
Endotoxin Level
<0.10 EU per 1 μg of the protein by the LAL method.
Activity
Measured by its binding ability in a functional ELISA.

Recombinant Human GDF-15 (Catalog # 8146-GD) binds to Recombinant Human GFR alpha -like Fc Chimera (Catalog # 9697-GR) with an ED50 of 0.0500-0.500 ng/mL.

Source
Human embryonic kidney cell, HEK293-derived human GDF-15 protein
Ala197-Ile308
Accession #
Q99988
N-terminal Sequence
Analysis
Ala197
Structure / Form
Disulfide-linked homodimer
Predicted Molecular Mass
12 kDa (monomer)
SDS-PAGE
12-14 kDa, reducing conditions

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8146-GD (with carrier)

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8146-GD/CF (carrier free)

Product Datasheet

Carrier Free

What does CF mean?

CF stands for Carrier Free (CF). We typically add Bovine Serum Albumin (BSA) as a carrier protein to our recombinant proteins. Adding a carrier protein enhances protein stability, increases shelf-life, and allows the recombinant protein to be stored at a more dilute concentration. The carrier free version does not contain BSA.

What formulation is right for me?

In general, we advise purchasing the recombinant protein with BSA for use in cell or tissue culture, or as an ELISA standard. In contrast, the carrier free protein is recommended for applications, in which the presence of BSA could interfere.

8146-GD

Formulation Lyophilized from a 0.2 μm filtered solution in HCl with BSA as a carrier protein.
Reconstitution Reconstitute at 250 μg/mL in 4 mM HCl.
Shipping The product is shipped at ambient temperature. Upon receipt, store it immediately at the temperature recommended below.
Stability & Storage: Use a manual defrost freezer and avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
  • 12 months from date of receipt, -20 to -70 °C as supplied.
  • 1 month, 2 to 8 °C under sterile conditions after reconstitution.
  • 3 months, -20 to -70 °C under sterile conditions after reconstitution.

8146-GD/CF

Formulation Lyophilized from a 0.2 μm filtered solution in HCl.
Reconstitution Reconstitute at 250 μg/mL in 4 mM HCl.
Shipping The product is shipped at ambient temperature. Upon receipt, store it immediately at the temperature recommended below.
Stability & Storage: Use a manual defrost freezer and avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
  • 12 months from date of receipt, -20 to -70 °C as supplied.
  • 1 month, 2 to 8 °C under sterile conditions after reconstitution.
  • 3 months, -20 to -70 °C under sterile conditions after reconstitution.

Scientific Data

Binding Activity View Larger

In a functional ELISA, Recombinant Human GDF-15 (Catalog # 8146-GD) binds to Recombinant Human GFR alpha -like Fc Chimera (9697-GR) with an ED50 of 0.0500-0.500 ng/mL.

Bioactivity Recombinant Human GDF-15 (Human Cell-expressed) Protein Bioactivity View Larger

Recombinant Human GDF-15 (Catalog # 8146-GD) activates SRE-SEAP reporter in HEK293 human embryonic kidney cells transfected with human c-Ret and Human GFRAL.

Background: GDF-15

Growth Differentiation Factor 15 (GDF-15), also called Macrophage Inhibitory Cytokine 1 (MIC-1), Placental Transforming Growth Factor beta, Prostate-derived Factor, and Placental Bone Morphogenetic Protein, is a divergent member of the Transforming Growth Factor beta (TGF-beta ) superfamily (1, 2). Human GDF-15 shares 66% and 68% amino acid sequence identity with the rat and mouse proteins, respectively (3). GDF-15 is highly expressed in placenta and brain, and it is expressed at lower levels in kidney, pancreas, prostate, and colon. Similar to other TGF-beta family proteins, GDF-15 is synthesized as a large precursor protein that is cleaved at a dibasic cleavage site (RxxR) to release the mature protein. The C-terminal domain of GDF-15 contains seven characteristic conserved cysteine residues necessary for the formation of the cysteine knot and the single inter-chain disulfide bond (4, 5). Biologically active GDF-15 is a disulfide-linked homodimer of the mature protein. GDF‑15 has been shown to have various functions, including inhibition of Tumor Necrosis Factor alpha (TNF-alpha ) production from lipopolysaccharide-stimulated macrophages and the induction of cartilage formation (1, 6). GDF-15 also promotes neuronal survival, and hypothalamic expression of GDF-15 causes appetite suppression via modulation of neuropeptide Y and pro-opiomelanocortin levels (7-10). GDF-15 is cardioprotective via inhibition of platelet activation, limiting atherosclerosis, promoting recovery following myocardial infarction, and regulating angiogenesis (11-15). Exposure of cardiomyocytes to GDF-15 results in Smad2 and Smad3 phosphorylation (16).

References
  1. Bootcov, M.R. et al. (1997) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 94:11514.
  2. Fairlie, W.D. et al. (1999) J. Leukoc. Biol. 65:2.
  3. Bottner, M. et al. (1999) Gene 237:105.
  4. Fairlie, W.D. et al. (2001) J. Biol. Chem. 276:16911.
  5. Bauskin, A.R. et al. (2000) EMBO J. 19:2212.
  6. Paralkar, V.M. et al. (1998) J. Biol. Chem. 273:13760.
  7. Johnen, H. et al. (2007) Nat. Med. 13:1333.
  8. Strelau, J. et al. (2000) J. Neurosci. 20:8597.
  9. Breit, S.N. et al. (2011) Growth Factors 29:187.
  10. Strelau, J. et al. (2009) J. Neurosci. 29:13640.
  11. Whitson, R.J. et al. (2013) J. Cell. Biochem. 114:1424.
  12. Rossaint, J. et al. (2013) J. Thromb. Haemost. 11:335.
  13. Song, H. et al. (2012) Mol. Biol. Rep. 39:4017.
  14. Preusch, M.R. et al. (2013) Eur. J. Med. Res. 18:19.
  15. Kempf, T. et al. (2011) Nat. Med. 17:581.
  16. Xu, J. et al. (2006) Circ. Res. 98:342.
Long Name
Growth Differentiation Factor 15
Entrez Gene IDs
9518 (Human); 23886 (Mouse); 29455 (Rat)
Alternate Names
GDF15; GDF-15; growth differentiation factor 15; growth/differentiation factor 15; Macrophage inhibitory cytokine 1; MIC-1; MIC-1NSAID-activated gene 1 protein; MIC1Prostate differentiation factor; NAG-1; NAG-1NSAID-regulated gene 1 protein; NSAID (nonsteroidal inflammatory drug)-activated protein 1; PDF; PDFGDF-15; PLAB; PLABNRG-1; Placental bone morphogenetic protein; Placental TGF-beta; PTGF-beta; PTGFBPTGF-beta

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