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Recombinant Equine TNF-alpha Protein

Catalog #: 1814-ET
8 Citations Datasheet

Carrier Free

Catalog # Availability Size / Price Qty
1814-ET-025/CF

With Carrier

Catalog # Availability Size / Price Qty
1814-ET-025
R&D Systems Recombinant Proteins and Enzymes
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Citations (8)
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Summary Product Datasheets Carrier Free Data Images Reconstitution Calculator Background Related Research Areas

Recombinant Equine TNF-alpha Protein Summary

Product Specifications

Purity
>97%, by SDS-PAGE under reducing conditions and visualized by silver stain
Endotoxin Level
<0.01 EU per 1 μg of the protein by the LAL method.
Activity
Measured in a cytotoxicity assay using L‑929 mouse fibroblast cells in the presence of the metabolic inhibitor actinomycin D. Matthews, N. and M.L. Neale (1987) in Lymphokines and Interferons, A Practical Approach. Clemens, M.J. et al. (eds): IRL Press. 221. The ED50 for this effect is 0.025-0.1 ng/mL.
Source
E. coli-derived equine TNF-alpha protein
Leu78-Leu234, with an N-terminal Met
Accession #
NP_001075288
N-terminal Sequence
Analysis
Met
Predicted Molecular Mass
17.2 kDa

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1814-ET (with carrier)

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1814-ET/CF (carrier free)

Product Datasheet

Carrier Free

What does CF mean?

CF stands for Carrier Free (CF). We typically add Bovine Serum Albumin (BSA) as a carrier protein to our recombinant proteins. Adding a carrier protein enhances protein stability, increases shelf-life, and allows the recombinant protein to be stored at a more dilute concentration. The carrier free version does not contain BSA.

What formulation is right for me?

In general, we advise purchasing the recombinant protein with BSA for use in cell or tissue culture, or as an ELISA standard. In contrast, the carrier free protein is recommended for applications, in which the presence of BSA could interfere.

1814-ET

Formulation Lyophilized from a 0.2 μm filtered solution in PBS with BSA as a carrier protein.
Reconstitution Reconstitute at 25 μg/mL in sterile PBS containing at least 0.1% human or bovine serum albumin.
Shipping The product is shipped at ambient temperature. Upon receipt, store it immediately at the temperature recommended below.
Stability & Storage: Use a manual defrost freezer and avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
  • 12 months from date of receipt, -20 to -70 °C as supplied.
  • 1 month, 2 to 8 °C under sterile conditions after reconstitution.
  • 3 months, -20 to -70 °C under sterile conditions after reconstitution.

1814-ET/CF

Formulation Lyophilized from a 0.2 μm filtered solution in PBS.
Reconstitution Reconstitute at 100 μg/mL in sterile PBS.
Shipping The product is shipped at ambient temperature. Upon receipt, store it immediately at the temperature recommended below.
Stability & Storage: Use a manual defrost freezer and avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
  • 12 months from date of receipt, -20 to -70 °C as supplied.
  • 1 month, 2 to 8 °C under sterile conditions after reconstitution.
  • 3 months, -20 to -70 °C under sterile conditions after reconstitution.

Background: TNF-alpha

Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha ), also known as cachectin and TNFSF2, is the prototypic ligand of the TNF superfamily. It is a pleiotropic molecule that plays a central role in inflammation, immune system development, apoptosis, and lipid metabolism (1, 2). Equine TNF-alpha consisits of a 35 amino acid (aa) cytoplasmic domain, a 21 aa transmembrane segment, and a 178 aa extracellular domain (ECD) (3). Within the ECD, equine TNF-alpha shares 69% - 88% aa sequence identity with bovine, canine, cotton rat, feline, human, mouse, porcine, rat, and rhesus TNF-alpha. TNF-alpha is produced by a wide variety of immune, epithelial, endothelial, and tumor cells (1, 2). TNF-alpha is assembled intracellularly to form a noncovalently linked homotrimer which is expressed on the cell surface (4). Cell surface TNF-alpha can induce the lysis of neighboring tumor cells and virus infected cells, and it can generate its own downstream cell signaling following ligation by soluble TNFR I (2, 5). Shedding of membrane bound TNF-alpha by TACE/ADAM17 releases the bioactive cytokine, a 55 kDa soluble trimer of the TNF-alpha extracellular domain (6-8). TNF-alpha binds the ubiquitous 55-60 kDa TNF RI (9, 10) and the hematopoietic cell-restricted 80 kDa TNF RII (11, 12), both of which are also expressed as homotrimers (1, 2, 13). Both type I and type II receptors bind TNF-alpha with comparable affinity (14), although only TNF RI contains a cytoplasmic death domain which triggers the activation of apoptosis. Soluble forms of both types of receptors are released and can neutralize the biological activity of TNF-alpha (15).

References
  1. Zelova, H. and J. Hosek (2013) Inflamm. Res. 62:641.
  2. Juhasz, K. et al. (2013) Expert Rev. Clin. Immunol. 9:335.
  3. Su, X.Z. et al. (1991) Gene 107:319.
  4. Tang, P. et al. (1996) Biochemistry 35:8216.
  5. Perez, C. et al. (1990) Cell 63:251.
  6. Black, R.A. et al. (1997) Nature 385:729.
  7. Moss, M.L. et al. (1997) Nature 385:733.
  8. Gearing, A.J.H. et al. (1994) Nature 370:555.
  9. Schall, T.J. et al. (1990) Cell 61:361.
  10. Loetscher, H. et al. (1990) Cell 61:351.
  11. Dembic, Z. et al. (1990) Cytokine 2:231.
  12. Smith, C.A. et al. (1990) Science 248:1019.
  13. Loetscher, H. et al. (1991) J. Biol. Chem. 266:18324.
  14. Pinckard, J.K. et al. (1997) J. Biol. Chem. 272:10784.
  15. Engelmann, H. et al. (1990) J. Biol. Chem. 265:1531.
Long Name
Tumor Necrosis Factor alpha
Entrez Gene IDs
7124 (Human); 21926 (Mouse); 24835 (Rat); 397086 (Porcine); 280943 (Bovine); 403922 (Canine); 102139631 (Cynomolgus Monkey); 100033834 (Equine); 493755 (Feline); 100009088 (Rabbit)
Alternate Names
APC1 protein; Cachectin; Cachetin; DIF; TNF; TNF, monocyte-derived; TNFA; TNF-A; TNFalpha; TNF-alpha; TNF-alphacachectin; TNFATNF, macrophage-derived; TNFG1F; TNFSF1A; TNFSF2; TNFSF2TNF superfamily, member 2; tumor necrosis factor (TNF superfamily, member 2); tumor necrosis factor alpha; Tumor necrosis factor ligand superfamily member 2; tumor necrosis factor; tumor necrosis factor-alpha

Citations for Recombinant Equine TNF-alpha Protein

R&D Systems personnel manually curate a database that contains references using R&D Systems products. The data collected includes not only links to publications in PubMed, but also provides information about sample types, species, and experimental conditions.

8 Citations: Showing 1 - 8
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  1. Equine Arteritis Virus in Monocytic Cells Suppresses Differentiation and Function of Dendritic Cells
    Authors: NA Moyo, D Westcott, R Simmonds, F Steinbach
    Viruses, 2023-01-16;15(1):.
    Species: Equine
    Sample Types: Whole Cells
    Applications: Bioassay
  2. Equine keratinocytes in the pathogenesis of insect bite hypersensitivity: Just another brick in the wall?
    Authors: I Cvitas, S Oberhaensl, T Leeb, E Marti
    PLoS ONE, 2022-08-01;17(8):e0266263.
    Species: Equine
    Sample Types: Whole Cells
    Applications: Bioassay
  3. Alterations in the chondrocyte surfaceome in response to pro-inflammatory cytokines
    Authors: B Jeremiasse, C Matta, CR Fellows, DJ Boocock, JR Smith, S Liddell, F Lafeber, WE van Spil, A Mobasheri
    BMC Mol Cell Biol, 2020-06-26;21(1):47.
    Species: Equine
    Sample Types: Whole Cells
    Applications: Bioassay
  4. Priming with inflammatory cytokines is not a prerequisite to increase immune-suppressive effects and responsiveness of equine amniotic mesenchymal stromal cells
    Authors: A Lange-Cons, P Romele, M Magatti, A Silini, A Idda, NA Martino, F Cremonesi, O Parolini
    Stem Cell Res Ther, 2020-03-04;11(1):99.
    Species: Equine
    Sample Types: Whole Cells
    Applications: Cell Culture
  5. Effects of Orally Administered Resveratrol on TNF, IL-1beta, Leukocyte Phagocytic Activity and Oxidative Burst Function in Horses: A Prospective, Randomized, Double-Blinded, Placebo-Controlled Study
    Authors: LM Martin, PJ Johnson, JR Amorim, AE DeClue
    Int J Mol Sci, 2020-02-20;21(4):.
    Species: N/A
    Sample Types: N/A
    Applications: Reference Standard
  6. Allo-antibody production after intraarticular administration of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in an equine osteoarthritis model: effect of repeated administration, MSC inflammatory stimulation, and equine leukocyte antigen (ELA) compatibility
    Authors: L Barrachina, A Cequier, A Romero, A Vitoria, P Zaragoza, FJ Vázquez, C Rodellar
    Stem Cell Res Ther, 2020-02-07;11(1):52.
    Species: Equine
    Sample Types: Whole Cells
    Applications: Cell Culture
  7. Effects of priming with cytokines on intracellular survival and replication of Rhodococcus equi in equine macrophages
    Authors: LJ Berghaus, S Giguère, AI Bordin, ND Cohen
    Cytokine, 2017-12-12;102(0):7-11.
    Species: Equine
    Sample Types: Whole Cells
    Applications: Bioassay
  8. IL-4 stimulates the expression of CXCL-8, E-selectin, VEGF, and inducible nitric oxide synthase mRNA by equine pulmonary artery endothelial cells.
    Authors: Huang H, Lavoie-Lamoureux A, Moran K, Lavoie JP
    Am. J. Physiol. Lung Cell Mol. Physiol., 2007-05-01;292(5):L1147-54.
    Species: Equine
    Sample Types: Whole Cells
    Applications: Bioassay

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