Recombinant Cynomolgus Monkey TIM-3 Fc Chimera Protein, CF Summary
Product Specifications
Cynomolgus Monkey TIM-3 (Ser22-Arg201) Accession # EHH54703 |
IEGRMD | Human IgG1 (Pro100-Lys330) |
N-terminus | C-terminus | |
Analysis
Product Datasheets
7914-TM
Carrier Free
CF stands for Carrier Free (CF). We typically add Bovine Serum Albumin (BSA) as a carrier protein to our recombinant proteins. Adding a carrier protein enhances protein stability, increases shelf-life, and allows the recombinant protein to be stored at a more dilute concentration. The carrier free version does not contain BSA.
In general, we advise purchasing the recombinant protein with BSA for use in cell or tissue culture, or as an ELISA standard. In contrast, the carrier free protein is recommended for applications, in which the presence of BSA could interfere.
7914-TM
Formulation | Lyophilized from a 0.2 μm filtered solution in PBS. |
Reconstitution | Reconstitute at 100 μg/mL in PBS. |
Shipping | The product is shipped at ambient temperature. Upon receipt, store it immediately at the temperature recommended below. |
Stability & Storage: | Use a manual defrost freezer and avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
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Scientific Data
Recombinant Cynomolgus Monkey TIM-3 (Catalog # 7914-TM) inhibits anti-CD3 antibody induced IL-2 secretion in human T lymphocytes. The ED50 for this effect is 0.5-3 μg/mL.
Background: TIM-3
TIM‑3 (T cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain‑3), also known as HAVCR2, is a 60 kDa member of the TIM family of immune regulating molecules. TIMs are type I transmembrane glycoproteins with one Ig‑like V‑type domain and a Ser/Thr‑rich mucin stalk region (1, 2). Mature cynomolgus TIM‑3 consists of a 182 amino acid (aa) extracellular domain (ECD), a 21 aa transmembrane segment, and a 78 aa cytoplasmic tail. Within the ECD, cynomolgus (or crab‑eating macaque) monkey TIM‑3 shares 81%, 57%, and 56% aa sequence identity with human, mouse, and rat TIM‑3, respectively. TIM‑3 is up‑regulated on several populations of activated myeloid cells (macrophage, monocyte, dendritic cell, microglia, mast cell) and T cells (Th1, CD8+, NK, Treg) (3‑10). Its binding to Galectin‑9 induces a range of immunosuppressive functions which enhance immune tolerance and inhibit anti‑tumor immunity (11). TIM‑3 ligation attenuates CD8+ and Th1 cell responses (11‑13) and promotes the activity of Treg and myeloid derived suppressor cells (8, 11, 13, 14). In addition, dendritic cell‑expressed TIM‑3 dampens inflammation by enabling the phagocytosis of apoptotic cells and the cross‑presentation of apoptotic cell antigens (3). It also binds the alarmin HMGB1, thereby preventing the activation of TLRs in response to released tumor cell DNA (6). Soluble TIM‑3 is also reported to inhibit the response of T cells to both Ag‑induced and concurrent CD3/CD28 stimulation (15). By contrast, TIM‑3 interactions with Galectin‑9 can trigger immune stimulatory effects, such as the coactivation of NK cell cytotoxicity (10).
- Sakuishi, K. et al. (2011) Trends Immunol. 32:345.
- Anderson, A.C. (2012) Curr. Opin. Immunol. 24:213.
- Nakayama, M. et al. (2009) Blood 113:3821.
- Anderson, A.C. et al. (2007) Science 318:1141.
- Wiener, Z. et al. (2007) J. Invest. Dermatol. 127:906.
- Chiba, S. et al. (2012) Nat. Immunol. 13:832.
- Monney, L. et al. (2002) Nature 415:536.
- Sanchez-Fueyo, A. et al. (2003) Nat. Immunol. 4:1093.
- Ndhlovu, L.C. et al. (2012) Blood 119:3734.
- Gleason, M.K. et al. (2012) Blood 119:3064.
- Zhu, C. et al. (2005) Nat. Immunol. 6:1245.
- Sakhdari, A. et al. (2012) PLoS ONE 7:e40146.
- Sabatos, C.A. et al. (2003) Nat. Immunol. 4:1102.
- Dardalhon, V. et al. (2010) J. Immunol. 185:1383.
- Geng, H. et al. (2006) J. Immunol. 176:1411.
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