Recombinant Cotton Rat GRO Protein Summary
Product Specifications
Ala28-Lys100
Analysis
Product Datasheets
1114-GR (with carrier)
1114-GR/CF (carrier free)
Carrier Free
CF stands for Carrier Free (CF). We typically add Bovine Serum Albumin (BSA) as a carrier protein to our recombinant proteins. Adding a carrier protein enhances protein stability, increases shelf-life, and allows the recombinant protein to be stored at a more dilute concentration. The carrier free version does not contain BSA.
In general, we advise purchasing the recombinant protein with BSA for use in cell or tissue culture, or as an ELISA standard. In contrast, the carrier free protein is recommended for applications, in which the presence of BSA could interfere.
1114-GR
| Formulation | Lyophilized from a 0.2 μm filtered solution in PBS with BSA as a carrier protein. |
| Reconstitution | Reconstitute at 25 μg/mL in sterile PBS containing at least 0.1% human or bovine serum albumin. |
| Shipping | The product is shipped at ambient temperature. Upon receipt, store it immediately at the temperature recommended below. |
| Stability & Storage: | Use a manual defrost freezer and avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
|
1114-GR/CF
| Formulation | Lyophilized from a 0.2 μm filtered solution in PBS. |
| Reconstitution | Reconstitute at 100 μg/mL in sterile PBS. |
| Shipping | The product is shipped at ambient temperature. Upon receipt, store it immediately at the temperature recommended below. |
| Stability & Storage: | Use a manual defrost freezer and avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
|
Background: CXCL1/2/3/GRO
Cotton rat growth-regulated protein (GRO) is a member of the ELR+ CXC subfamily of chemokines (1). The cotton rat GRO cDNA encodes a 100 amino acid (aa) residue precursor protein with a 27 aa putative signal peptide and a 73 aa mature protein (2). Among the three human GRO proteins, mature cotton rat GRO is most closely related to GRO alpha /CXCL1, sharing approximately 77% aa sequence identity (3). It also shares 75% and 70% aa sequence identity with mature human GRO beta /CXCL2 and GRO gamma /CXCL3, respectively (4). Compared with rat CXC chemokines, mature cotton rat shows 92%, 76%, and 76% aa sequence homology with rat KC/GRO/CINC-1, CINC-2 and CINC-3, respectively (5). Mature cotton rat GRO also shares 74% sequence homology with mature cotton rat MIP-2 (6). Similarly to GRO proteins from other species, cotton rat GRO is expected to be a potent neutrophil chemoattractant and activator. Cotton rat GRO has been shown to bind and activate both mouse chemokine receptors CXCR1 and CXCR2 (7). Similarly to human GRO alpha, the cotton rat GRO concentration required to activate CXCR1 is at least an order of magnitude higher than that required to activate CXCR2 (7, 8). Based on studies on rodents, cotton rat GRO is predicted to be produced by a wide variety of cell types including macrophages, endothelial cells, fibroblasts, astrocytes, neutrophils, keratinocytes and intestinal epithelium (1, 9).
- Rollins, B.J. (1997) Blood 90:909.
- Blanco, J.C. et al. (2001) GenBank Accession #: AAL16934.
- Richmond, A. et al. (1988) EMBO J. 7:2025.
- Haskill, S. et al. (1990) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 87:7732.
- Nakagawa, H. et al. (1994) Biochem. J. 301:545.
- Blanco, J.C. et al. (2001) GenBank Accession #: AAL26705.
- R&D Systems, unpublished observations.
- Schumacher, C. et al. (1992) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 89:10542.
- Zlotnik, A.O. (2000) Immunity 12:121.
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