Recombinant Cotton Rat CCL4/MIP-1 beta Protein Summary
Product Specifications
Ala24-Asn92
Analysis
Product Datasheets
1024-MB (with carrier)
1024-MB/CF (carrier free)
Carrier Free
CF stands for Carrier Free (CF). We typically add Bovine Serum Albumin (BSA) as a carrier protein to our recombinant proteins. Adding a carrier protein enhances protein stability, increases shelf-life, and allows the recombinant protein to be stored at a more dilute concentration. The carrier free version does not contain BSA.
In general, we advise purchasing the recombinant protein with BSA for use in cell or tissue culture, or as an ELISA standard. In contrast, the carrier free protein is recommended for applications, in which the presence of BSA could interfere.
1024-MB
| Formulation | Lyophilized from a 0.2 μm filtered solution in Acetonitrile and TFA with BSA as a carrier protein. |
| Reconstitution | Reconstitute at 25 μg/mL in sterile PBS containing at least 0.1% human or bovine serum albumin. |
| Shipping | The product is shipped at ambient temperature. Upon receipt, store it immediately at the temperature recommended below. |
| Stability & Storage: | Use a manual defrost freezer and avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
|
1024-MB/CF
| Formulation | Lyophilized from a 0.2 μm filtered solution in Acetonitrile and TFA. |
| Reconstitution | Reconstitute at 100 μg/mL in sterile PBS. |
| Shipping | The product is shipped at ambient temperature. Upon receipt, store it immediately at the temperature recommended below. |
| Stability & Storage: | Use a manual defrost freezer and avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
|
Background: CCL4/MIP-1 beta
CCL4, also known as macrophage inflammatory protein 1 beta (MIP-1 beta ), is a 12 kDa beta chemokine that is secreted at sites of inflammation by activated leukocytes, lymphocytes, vascular endothelial cells, and pulmonary smooth muscle cells (1, 2). CCL4 attracts a variety of immune cells to sites of microbial infection as well as to other pathologic inflammation such as allergic asthma and ischemic myocardium (3 - 8). A CCL4 deficiency in mice promotes the development of autoantibodies, possibly as a result of compromised regulatory T cell recruitment (6). CCL4 is secreted from activated monocytes as a heterodimer with CCL3/MIP-1 alpha (9). The first two N-terminal amino acids (aa) can be cleaved from human CCL4 by CD26/DPPIV (10, 11). Both the full length and truncated forms exert biological activity through CCR5, and the truncated form additionally interacts with CCR1 and CCR2 (10). In humans, the ability of CCL4 to bind CCR5 inhibits the cellular entry of M-tropic HIV-1 which utilizes CCR5 as a coreceptor (2). Both forms of CCL4 block HIV-1 infection of T cells by inducing the downregulation of CCR5 (10). Mature cotton rat CCL4 shares 75% - 83% aa sequence identity with human, mouse, and rat CCL4.
- Rot, A. and U.H. von Andrian (2004) Annu. Rev. Immunol. 22:891.
- Menten, P. et al. (2002) Cytokine Growth Factor Rev. 13:455.
- Sun, X. et al. (2006) Infec. Immun. 74:5943.
- Bisset, L.R. and P. Schmid-Grendelmeier (2005) Curr. Opin. Pulm. Med. 11:35.
- Frangogiannis, N.G. (2004) Inflamm. Res. 53:585.
- Bystry, R.S. et al. (2001) Nat. Immunol. 2:1126.
- Oliveira, S.H.P. et al. (2002) J. Leukoc. Biol. 71:1019.
- Schall, T.J. et al. (1993) J. Exp. Med. 177:1821.
- Guan, E. et al. (2001) J. Biol. Chem. 276:12404.
- Guan, E. et al. (2002) J. Biol. Chem. 277:32348.
- Guan, E. et al. (2004) J. Cell. Biochem. 92:53.
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