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Rat TNF-alpha Antibody

Catalog #: AF-510-NA
50 Citations Datasheet
Catalog # Availability Size / Price Qty
AF-510-NA
AF-510-SP
Cytotoxicity Induced by TNF‑ alpha and Neutralization by Rat TNF‑ alpha Antibody.
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Rat TNF-alpha Antibody Summary

Species Reactivity
Rat
Specificity
Detects rat TNF‑ alpha in direct ELISAs and Western blots. In Western blots, approximately 25% cross-reactivity with recombinant porcine TNF-alpha is observed and less than 1% cross-reactivity with recombinant human (rh) TNF-beta, rhTNF sRI, and rhTNF sRII is observed. In direct ELISAs, approximately 40% cross-reactivity with recombinant canine TNF-alpha, recombinant feline TNF-alpha, and recombinant rhesus macaque TNF-alpha is observed. Neutralizes the biological activity of rat TNF-alpha. This antibody will also neutralize the biological activity of murine TNF-alpha, but weak neutralization of rhTNF-alpha and no neutralization of rhTNF-beta was observed.
Source
Polyclonal Goat IgG
Purification
Antigen Affinity-purified
Immunogen
E. coli-derived recombinant rat TNF-alpha
Leu80-Leu235
Accession # P16599
Formulation
Lyophilized from a 0.2 μm filtered solution in PBS with Trehalose. *Small pack size (SP) is supplied either lyophilized or as a 0.2 µm filtered solution in PBS.
Endotoxin Level
<0.10 EU per 1 μg of the antibody by the LAL method.
Label
Unconjugated

Applications

Recommended Concentration
Sample
Western Blot
0.1 µg/mL
Recombinant Rat TNF‑ alpha (Catalog # 510-RT)
Immunocytochemistry
5-15 µg/mL
See below
Neutralization
Measured by its ability to neutralize TNF‑ alpha -induced cytotoxicity in the L‑929 mouse fibroblast cell line. Matthews, N. and M. L. Neale (1987) in Lymphokines and Interferons, A Practical Approach. Clemens, M. J. et al. (eds): IRL Press. 221. The Neutralization Dose (ND50) is typically 0.15-0.75 µg/mL in the presence of 0.25 ng/mL Recombinant Rat TNF‑ alpha and 1 µg/mL actinomycin D.

Please Note: Optimal dilutions should be determined by each laboratory for each application. General Protocols are available in the Technical Information section on our website.

Scientific Data

Neutralization Cytotoxicity Induced by TNF‑ alpha and Neutralization by Rat TNF‑ alpha Antibody. View Larger

Cytotoxicity Induced by TNF‑ alpha and Neutralization by Rat TNF‑ alpha Antibody. Recombinant Rat TNF-a (Catalog # 510-RT) induces cytotoxicity in the the L-929 mouse fibroblast cell line in a dose-dependent manner (orange line), as measured by Resazurin. Cytotoxicity elicited by Recombinant Rat TNF-a (0.25 ng/mL) is neutralized (green line) by increasing concentrations of Goat Anti-Rat TNF-a Antigen Affinity-purified Polyclonal Antibody (Catalog # AF-510-NA). The ND50 is typically 0.15-0.75 µg/mL in the presence of the metabolic inhibitor actinomycin D (1 µg/mL).

Immunocytochemistry TNF-a antibody in Rat Splenocytes by Immunocytochemistry (ICC). View Larger

TNF‑ alpha in Rat Splenocytes. TNF-a was detected in immersion fixed rat splenocytes using Goat Anti-Rat TNF-a Antigen Affinity-purified Polyclonal Antibody (Catalog # AF-510-NA) at 15 µg/mL for 3 hours at room temperature. Cells were stained using the NorthernLights™ 557-conjugated Anti-Goat IgG Secondary Antibody (red; Catalog # NL001) and counterstained with DAPI (blue). Specific staining was localized to cytoplasmic. View our protocol for Fluorescent ICC Staining of Non-adherent Cells.

Immunocytochemistry/ Immunofluorescence Detection of Porcine TNF-alpha by Immunocytochemistry/ Immunofluorescence View Larger

Detection of Porcine TNF-alpha by Immunocytochemistry/ Immunofluorescence Astrocytes activity and GFAP/TNF-alpha double staining in the DG area.Astrocyte activity was measure with GFAP immunofluorescence. Representative photomicrographs show control and LPS-injected rats at different time points up to day 30. (A) Densitometry of GFAP fluorescence intensity was up-regulated from day 1 to day 7. Following LPS injection, astrocytes showed changes in morphology, which was recognized by decreased ramification and hypertrophy of the soma. (B) Double fluorescence staining of GFAP and TNF-alpha in hippocampal astrocytes. The ratio of TNF-alpha positive astrocytes in total astrocytes (GFAP-positive cells) was significantly increased from day 1 and peaking on day 7. Pictures show DG area, data are expressed as mean ± standard error of the mean (n = 4) and compared by 1-way analysis of variance followed with Boferroni post hoc analysis, **p<0.01, ***p<0.001 vs Control. Image collected and cropped by CiteAb from the following open publication (https://dx.plos.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0106331), licensed under a CC-BY license. Not internally tested by R&D Systems.

Immunocytochemistry/ Immunofluorescence Detection of Rat TNF-alpha by Immunocytochemistry/ Immunofluorescence View Larger

Detection of Rat TNF-alpha by Immunocytochemistry/ Immunofluorescence Astrocytes activity and GFAP/TNF-alpha double staining in the DG area.Astrocyte activity was measure with GFAP immunofluorescence. Representative photomicrographs show control and LPS-injected rats at different time points up to day 30. (A) Densitometry of GFAP fluorescence intensity was up-regulated from day 1 to day 7. Following LPS injection, astrocytes showed changes in morphology, which was recognized by decreased ramification and hypertrophy of the soma. (B) Double fluorescence staining of GFAP and TNF-alpha in hippocampal astrocytes. The ratio of TNF-alpha positive astrocytes in total astrocytes (GFAP-positive cells) was significantly increased from day 1 and peaking on day 7. Pictures show DG area, data are expressed as mean ± standard error of the mean (n = 4) and compared by 1-way analysis of variance followed with Boferroni post hoc analysis, **p<0.01, ***p<0.001 vs Control. Image collected and cropped by CiteAb from the following open publication (https://dx.plos.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0106331), licensed under a CC-BY license. Not internally tested by R&D Systems.

Preparation and Storage

Reconstitution
Reconstitute at 0.2 mg/mL in sterile PBS.
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Shipping
Lyophilized product is shipped at ambient temperature. Liquid small pack size (-SP) is shipped with polar packs. Upon receipt, store immediately at the temperature recommended below.
Stability & Storage
Use a manual defrost freezer and avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
  • 12 months from date of receipt, -20 to -70 °C as supplied.
  • 1 month, 2 to 8 °C under sterile conditions after reconstitution.
  • 6 months, -20 to -70 °C under sterile conditions after reconstitution.

Background: TNF-alpha

Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha (TNF-alpha ) also known as Cachectin and TNFSF2, is the prototypic ligand of the TNF superfamily. It is a pleiotropic molecule that plays a central role in inflammation, apoptosis, and immune system development. TNF-alpha is produced by a wide variety of immune and epithelial cell types (1, 2). Rat TNF-alpha consisits of a 35 amino acid (aa) cytoplasmic domain, a 21 aa transmembrane segment, and a 179 aa extracellular domain (ECD) (3). Within the ECD, rat TNF-alpha shares 94% aa sequence identity with mouse and 69% - 76% with bovine, canine, cotton rat, equine, feline, human, porcine, and rhesus TNF-alpha. The 26 kDa type 2 transmembrane protein is assembled intracellularly to form a noncovalently linked homotrimer (4). Ligation of this complex induces reverse signaling that promotes lymphocyte co-stimulation but diminishes monocyte responsiveness (5). Cleavage of membrane bound TNF-alpha by TACE/ADAM17 releases a 55 kDa soluble trimeric form of TNF-alpha (6, 7). TNF-alpha trimers bind the ubiquitous TNF RI and the hematopoietic cell-restricted TNF RII, both of which are also expressed as homotrimers (1, 8). TNF-alpha regulates lymphoid tissue development through control of apoptosis (2). It also promotes inflammatory responses by inducing the activation of vascular endothelial cells and macrophages (2). TNF-alpha is a key cytokine in the development of several inflammatory disorders (9). It contributes to the development of type 2 diabetes through its effects on insulin resistance and fatty acid metabolism (10, 11).

References
  1. Idriss, H.T. and J.H. Naismith (2000) Microsc. Res. Tech. 50:184.
  2. Hehlgans, T. and K. Pfeffer (2005) Immunology 115:1.
  3. Estler, H.C. et al. (1992) Biol. Chem. Hoppe-Seyler 373:271.
  4. Tang, P. et al. (1996) Biochemistry 35:8216.
  5. Eissner G. et al. (2004) Cytokine Growth Factor Rev. 15:353.
  6. Black, R.A. et al. (1997) Nature 385:729.
  7. Moss, M.L. et al. (1997) Nature 385:733.
  8. Loetscher, H. et al. (1991) J. Biol. Chem. 266:18324.
  9. Clark, I.A. (2007) Cytokine Growth Factor Rev. 18:335.
  10. Romanatto, T. et al. (2007) Peptides 28:1050.
  11. Hector, J. et al. (2007) Horm. Metab. Res. 39:250.
Long Name
Tumor Necrosis Factor alpha
Entrez Gene IDs
7124 (Human); 21926 (Mouse); 24835 (Rat); 397086 (Porcine); 280943 (Bovine); 403922 (Canine); 102139631 (Cynomolgus Monkey); 100033834 (Equine); 493755 (Feline); 100009088 (Rabbit)
Alternate Names
APC1 protein; Cachectin; Cachetin; DIF; TNF; TNF, monocyte-derived; TNFA; TNF-A; TNFalpha; TNF-alpha; TNF-alphacachectin; TNFATNF, macrophage-derived; TNFG1F; TNFSF1A; TNFSF2; TNFSF2TNF superfamily, member 2; tumor necrosis factor (TNF superfamily, member 2); tumor necrosis factor alpha; Tumor necrosis factor ligand superfamily member 2; tumor necrosis factor; tumor necrosis factor-alpha

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Citations for Rat TNF-alpha Antibody

R&D Systems personnel manually curate a database that contains references using R&D Systems products. The data collected includes not only links to publications in PubMed, but also provides information about sample types, species, and experimental conditions.

50 Citations: Showing 1 - 10
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  1. CDDO-Me Attenuates Vasogenic Edema and Astroglial Death by Regulating NF-kappa B p65 Phosphorylations and Nrf2 Expression Following Status Epilepticus
    Authors: Min-Ju Kim, Hana Park, Seo-Hyeon Choi, Min-Jeong Kong, Ji-Eun Kim, Tae-Cheon Kang
    International Journal of Molecular Sciences
  2. Rifaximin Prevents T-Lymphocytes and Macrophages Infiltration in Cerebellum and Restores Motor Incoordination in Rats with Mild Liver Damage
    Authors: T Balzano, P Leone, G Ivaylova, MC Castro, L Reyes, C Ramón, M Malaguarne, M Llansola, V Felipo
    Biomedicines, 2021-08-12;9(8):.
  3. Markers of oxidative/nitrosative stress and inflammation in lung tissue of rats exposed to different intravenous iron compounds.
    Authors: Toblli Jorge E, Cao Gabriel, Giani Jorge F et al.
    Drug Design, Development and Therapy
  4. The Dual Role of the GABAA Receptor in Peripheral Inflammation and Neuroinflammation: A Study in Hyperammonemic Rats
    Authors: Michele Malaguarnera, Tiziano Balzano, Mari Carmen Castro, Marta Llansola, Vicente Felipo
    International Journal of Molecular Sciences
  5. Microglia TREM2R47H Alzheimer-linked variant enhances excitatory transmission and reduces LTP via increased TNF-alpha levels
    Authors: Siqiang Ren, Wen Yao, Marc D Tambini, Tao Yin, Kelly A Norris, Luciano D'Adamio
    eLife
  6. Ferrous sulfate, but not iron polymaltose complex, aggravates local and systemic inflammation and oxidative stress in dextran sodium sulfate-induced colitis in rats
    Authors: Jorge Eduardo Toblli, Gabriel Cao, Margarita Angerosa
    Drug Design, Development and Therapy
  7. CDDO-Me Inhibits Microglial Activation and Monocyte Infiltration by Abrogating NF kappa B- and p38 MAPK-Mediated Signaling Pathways Following Status Epilepticus
    Authors: Ji-Eun Kim, Hana Park, Ji-Eun Lee, Tae-Cheon Kang
    Cells
  8. Posttranslational modification impact on the mechanism by which amyloid-? induces synaptic dysfunction
    Authors: KM Grochowska, P Yuanxiang, J Bär, R Raman, G Brugal, G Sahu, M Schweizer, A Bikbaev, S Schilling, HU Demuth, MR Kreutz
    EMBO Rep., 2017-04-18;0(0):.
  9. Microglia activated by microbial neuraminidase contributes to ependymal cell death
    Authors: María del Mar Fernández-Arjona, Ana León-Rodríguez, María Dolores López-Ávalos, Jesús M. Grondona
    Fluids and Barriers of the CNS
  10. Elamipretide (SS-31) Improves Functional Connectivity in Hippocampus and Other Related Regions Following Prolonged Neuroinflammation Induced by Lipopolysaccharide in Aged Rats
    Authors: Yang Liu, Huiqun Fu, Yan Wu, Binbin Nie, Fangyan Liu, Tianlong Wang et al.
    Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience
  11. Plasma concentrations and placental immunostaining of interleukin-10 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha as predictors of alterations in the embryo-fetal organism and the placental development of diabetic rats
    Authors: Y.K. Sinzato, D.C. Damasceno, R. Laufer-Amorim, M.M.P. Rodrigues, M. Oshiiwa, K.N. Taylor et al.
    Brazilian Journal of Medical and Biological Research
  12. Microglia activation and inflammation in hippocampus attenuates memory and mood functions during experimentally induced diabetes in rat
    Authors: A Nagayach, R Bhaskar, I Patro
    Journal of chemical neuroanatomy, 2022-09-08;0(0):102160.
    Species: Rat
    Sample Types: Whole Tissue
    Applications: IHC
  13. Neuroinflammation in the anterior cingulate cortex: the potential supraspinal mechanism underlying the mirror-image pain following motor fiber injury
    Authors: QY Li, SX Chen, JY Liu, PW Yao, YW Duan, YY Li, Y Zang
    Journal of Neuroinflammation, 2022-06-20;19(1):162.
    Species: Rat
    Sample Types: In Vivo
    Applications: Neutralization
  14. Multiple therapeutic effects of human neural stem cells derived from induced pluripotent stem cells in a rat model of post-traumatic syringomyelia
    Authors: T Xu, X Li, Y Guo, E Uhlin, L Holmberg, S Mitra, D Winn, A Falk, E Sundström
    EBioMedicine, 2022-02-16;77(0):103882.
    Species: Rat
    Sample Types: Whole Tissue
    Applications: IHC
  15. Neuronal ApoE4 stimulates C/EBPbeta activation, promoting Alzheimer's disease pathology in a mouse model
    Authors: ZH Wang, Y Xia, Z Wu, SS Kang, JC Zhang, P Liu, X Liu, W Song, V Huin, CM Dhaenens, SP Yu, XC Wang, K Ye
    Progress in neurobiology, 2021-12-24;209(0):102212.
    Species: Rat
    Sample Types: Whole Tissue
    Applications: IHC
  16. ApoE4 activates C/EBP&beta/&delta-secretase with 27-hydroxycholesterol, driving the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease
    Authors: ZH Wang, Y Xia, P Liu, X Liu, L Edgington-, K Lei, SP Yu, XC Wang, K Ye
    Progress in neurobiology, 2021-03-11;0(0):102032.
    Species: Rat
    Sample Types: Cell Lysates, Whole Cells
    Applications: ICC, Neutralization, Western Blot
  17. Mitochondrial pyruvate carrier as a key regulator of fever and neuroinflammation
    Authors: N Carvalho G, D de Sousa A, W Rodrigues, E de-Souza-F, BR Bezerra Go, D Ott, J Murgott, PEN de Souza, MV de Sousa, A Galina, J Roth, A Fabro de B, FH Veiga-Souz
    Brain, Behavior, and Immunity, 2020-11-24;0(0):.
    Species: Rat
    Sample Types: Whole Cells
    Applications: ICC
  18. TNF-&alpha-mediated reduction in inhibitory neurotransmission precedes sporadic Alzheimer's disease pathology in young Trem2R47H rats
    Authors: S Ren, L Breuillaud, W Yao, T Yin, KA Norris, SP Zehntner, L D'Adamio
    The Journal of Biological Chemistry, 2020-11-21;296(0):100089.
    Species: Rat, Transgenic Rat
    Sample Types: Whole Tissue
    Applications: Neutralization
  19. Circular RNA VMA21 ameliorates sepsis-associated acute kidney injury by regulating miR-9-3p/SMG1/inflammation axis and oxidative stress
    Authors: Y Shi, CF Sun, WH Ge, YP Du, NB Hu
    J. Cell. Mol. Med., 2020-08-22;0(0):.
    Species: Rat
    Sample Types: Protein, Tissue Homogenates
    Applications: Western Blot
  20. Effect of amniotic fluid stem cell transplantation on the recovery of bladder dysfunction in spinal cord-injured rats
    Authors: CC Liang, SS Shaw, YS Ko, YH Huang, TH Lee
    Sci Rep, 2020-06-22;10(1):10030.
    Species: Rat
    Sample Types: Whole Tissue
    Applications: IHC
  21. TNF-&alpha-mediated reduction in inhibitory neurotransmission precedes sporadic Alzheimer's disease pathology in young Trem2R47H �rats
    Authors: S Ren, L Breuillaud, W Yao, T Yin, KA Norris, SP Zehntner, L D'Adamio
    J Biol Chem, 2020-01-01;0(0):.
    Species: Rat
    Sample Types: Whole Tissue
    Applications: IHC
  22. Deficiency in BDNF/TrkB Neurotrophic Activity Stimulates δ-Secretase by Upregulating C/EBP? in Alzheimer's Disease
    Authors: ZH Wang, J Xiang, X Liu, SP Yu, FP Manfredsso, IM Sandoval, S Wu, JZ Wang, K Ye
    Cell Rep, 2019-07-16;28(3):655-669.e5.
    Species: Rat
    Sample Types: Whole Cells
    Applications: Neutralization
  23. Baicalein attenuates neuropathic pain and improves sciatic nerve function recovery in rats with partial sciatic nerve transection
    Authors: HC Lai, CH Lu, CS Wong, BF Lin, SM Chan, CY Kuo, ZF Wu
    J Chin Med Assoc, 2018-08-20;0(0):.
    Species: Rat
    Sample Types: Whole Tissue
  24. Blocking p38 Signaling Reduces the Activation of Pro-inflammatory Cytokines and the Phosphorylation of p38 in the Habenula and Reverses Depressive-Like Behaviors Induced by Neuroinflammation
    Authors: YW Zhao, YQ Pan, MM Tang, WJ Lin
    Front Pharmacol, 2018-05-15;9(0):511.
    Species: Rat
    Sample Types: Tissue Homogenates, Whole Tissue
    Applications: IHC, Western Blot
  25. Intrinsic Inflammation Is a Potential Anti-Epileptogenic Target in the Organotypic Hippocampal Slice Model
    Authors: SA Chong, S Balosso, C Vandenplas, G Szczesny, E Hanon, K Claes, X Van Damme, B Danis, J Van Eyll, C Wolff, A Vezzani, RM Kaminski, I Niespodzia
    Neurotherapeutics, 2018-04-01;0(0):.
    Species: Rat
    Sample Types: Whole Cells
    Applications: Neutralization
  26. Anti-TNF-alpha antibody attenuates subarachnoid hemorrhage-induced apoptosis in the hypothalamus by inhibiting the activation of Erk
    Authors: L Ma, Y Jiang, Y Dong, J Gao, B Du, D Liu
    Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat, 2018-02-15;14(0):525-536.
    Species: Rat
    Sample Types: Tissue Homogenates
    Applications: Western Blot
  27. Effects of TNF-? on penile structure alteration in rats with hyperprolactinemia
    Authors: ZL Wang, LY Yang, HH Chen, HH Lin, YT Tsai, WJ Huang
    PLoS ONE, 2017-08-01;12(8):e0181952.
    Species: Rat
    Sample Types: In Vivo, Whole Tissue
    Applications: IHC-P, Neutralization
  28. Regulation of kindling epileptogenesis by hippocampal Toll-like receptors 2
    Authors: JS Medel-Matu, A Reynolds, D Shin, R Sankar, A Mazarati
    Epilepsia, 2017-06-20;0(0):.
    Species: Rat
    Sample Types: Whole Tissue
    Applications: IHC
  29. Prolonged neuroinflammation after lipopolysaccharide exposure in aged rats.
    Authors: Fu H, Yang T, Xiao W, Fan L, Wu Y, Terrando N, Wang T
    PLoS ONE, 2014-08-29;9(8):e106331.
    Species: Rat
    Sample Types: Whole Tissue
    Applications: IHC-Fr
  30. Time-dependent effects of training on cardiovascular control in spontaneously hypertensive rats: role for brain oxidative stress and inflammation and baroreflex sensitivity.
    Authors: Masson G, Costa T, Yshii L, Fernandes D, Soares P, Laurindo F, Scavone C, Michelini L
    PLoS ONE, 2014-05-01;9(5):e94927.
    Species: Rat
    Sample Types: Whole Tissue
    Applications: IHC-Fr
  31. Microglial cells contribute to endogenous brain defenses after acute neonatal focal stroke.
    Authors: Faustino JV, Wang X, Johnson CE
    J. Neurosci., 2011-09-07;31(36):12992-3001.
    Species: Rat
    Sample Types: Whole Tissue
    Applications: IHC
  32. Mechanisms underlying the nociceptive responses induced by platelet-activating factor (PAF) in the rat paw.
    Authors: Marotta DM, Costa R, Motta EM, Fernandes ES, Medeiros R, Quintao NL, Campos MM, Calixto JB
    Biochem. Pharmacol., 2009-04-01;77(7):1223-35.
    Species: Rat
    Sample Types: In Vivo
    Applications: Neutralization
  33. Distribution and tumor necrosis factor-alpha isoform binding specificity of locally administered etanercept into injured and uninjured rat sciatic nerve.
    Authors: Kato K, Kikuchi S, Shubayev VI, Myers RR
    Neuroscience, 2009-02-27;160(2):492-500.
    Species: Rat
    Sample Types: Tissue Homogenates, Whole Tissue
    Applications: IHC-P, Western Blot
  34. Adenovirus-Mediated Kallistatin Gene Transfer Ameliorates Disease Progression in a Rat Model of Osteoarthritis Induced by Anterior Cruciate Ligament Transection.
    Authors: Hsieh J, Shen PC, Shiau AL, Wu CL, Lee CH, Jou IM, Wang CR, Chao J, Chao L, Teo ML
    2009-02-01;20(0):147.
    Species: Rat
    Sample Types: Whole Tissue
    Applications: IHC-P
  35. Supraspinal glial-neuronal interactions contribute to descending pain facilitation.
    Authors: Wei F, Guo W, Zou S, Ren K, Dubner R
    J. Neurosci., 2008-10-15;28(42):10482-95.
    Species: Rat
    Sample Types: Tissue Homogenates
    Applications: Western Blot
  36. Deleterious role of TNF-alpha in retinal ischemia-reperfusion injury.
    Authors: Berger S, Savitz SI, Nijhawan S, Singh M, David J, Rosenbaum PS, Rosenbaum DM
    Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci., 2008-08-01;49(8):3605-10.
    Species: Rat
    Sample Types: In Vivo, Whole Tissue
    Applications: IHC-Fr, Neutralization
  37. Tumor necrosis factor alpha: activity dependent expression and promotion of cortical column sleep in rats.
    Authors: Churchill L, Rector DM, Yasuda K, Fix C, Rojas MJ, Yasuda T, Krueger JM
    Neuroscience, 2008-07-18;156(1):71-80.
    Species: Rat
    Sample Types: Tissue Homogenates
    Applications: Western Blot
  38. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug-induced small intestinal damage is Toll-like receptor 4 dependent.
    Authors: Watanabe T, Higuchi K, Kobata A, Nishio H, Tanigawa T, Shiba M, Tominaga K, Fujiwara Y, Oshitani N, Asahara T, Nomoto K, Takeuchi K, Arakawa T
    Gut, 2007-07-16;57(2):181-7.
    Species: Rat
    Sample Types: In Vivo
    Applications: Neutralization
  39. Wnt-induced secreted protein-1 is a prohypertrophic and profibrotic growth factor.
    Authors: Colston JT, de la Rosa SD, Koehler M, Gonzales K, Mestril R, Freeman GL, Bailey SR, Chandrasekar B
    Am. J. Physiol. Heart Circ. Physiol., 2007-07-06;293(3):H1839-46.
    Species: Rat
    Sample Types: Whole Cells
    Applications: Neutralization
  40. TNFalpha and TNF receptor 1 expression in the mixed neuronal-glial cultures of hippocampal dentate gyrus exposed to glutamate or trimethyltin.
    Authors: Figiel I, Dzwonek K
    Brain Res., 2006-12-11;1131(1):17-28.
    Species: Rat
    Sample Types: Whole Cells
    Applications: ICC
  41. Thrombin induces neurodegeneration and microglial activation in the cortex in vivo and in vitro: proteolytic and non-proteolytic actions.
    Authors: Lee da Y, Park KW, Jin BK
    Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun., 2006-06-06;346(3):727-38.
    Species: Rat
    Sample Types: Whole Tissue
    Applications: IHC
  42. TNFalpha-induced AMPA-receptor trafficking in CNS neurons; relevance to excitotoxicity?
    Authors: Leonoudakis D, Braithwaite SP, Beattie MS, Beattie EC
    Neuron Glia Biol., 2004-08-01;1(3):263-273.
    Species: Rat
    Sample Types: Whole Cells
    Applications: ICC
  43. Differential cytokine response in interstitial fluid in skin and serum during experimental inflammation in rats.
    Authors: Nedrebo T, Reed RK, Jonsson R, Berg A, Wiig H
    J. Physiol. (Lond.), 2004-01-14;556(0):193-202.
    Species: Rat
    Sample Types: Whole Tissue
    Applications: IHC-Fr
  44. Glucocorticoids play a fundamental role in protecting the brain during innate immune response.
    Authors: Nadeau S, Rivest S
    J. Neurosci., 2003-07-02;23(13):5536-44.
    Species: Rat
    Sample Types:
    Applications: Neutralization
  45. Bicuculline Reduces Neuroinflammation in Hippocampus and Improves Spatial Learning and Anxiety in Hyperammonemic Rats. Role of Glutamate Receptors
    Authors: Michele Malaguarnera, Marta Llansola, Tiziano Balzano, Belén Gómez-Giménez, Carles Antúnez-Muñoz, Núria Martínez-Alarcón et al.
    Frontiers in Pharmacology
  46. Angiotensin-(1-7) ameliorates high glucose-induced vascular endothelial injury through suppressing chloride channel 3
    Authors: Fei Cheng, Jing Liu, Zhuolin Guo, Shicheng Li, Jingfu Chen, Chang Tu et al.
    Bioengineered
  47. Hepatocyte growth factor-modified hair follicle stem cells ameliorate cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury in rats
    Authors: Hao Tang, Xuemei Zhang, Xiaojun Hao, Haitong Dou, Chendan Zou, Yinglian Zhou et al.
    Stem Cell Research & Therapy
  48. P2X3 receptor upregulation in trigeminal ganglion neurons through TNF alpha production in macrophages contributes to trigeminal neuropathic pain in rats
    Authors: Momoko Koizumi, Sayaka Asano, Akihiko Furukawa, Yoshinori Hayashi, Suzuro Hitomi, Ikuko Shibuta et al.
    The Journal of Headache and Pain
  49. Activation of the inflammatory transcription factor nuclear factor interleukin-6 during inflammatory and psychological stress in the brain
    Authors: Franziska Fuchs, Jelena Damm, Rüdiger Gerstberger, Joachim Roth, Christoph Rummel
    Journal of Neuroinflammation
  50. Antifibrotic Effects of Pioglitazone at Low Doses on the Diabetic Rat Kidney Are Associated with the Improvement of Markers of Cell Turnover, Tubular and Endothelial Integrity, and Angiogenesis
    Authors: Jorge E. Toblli, Gabriel Cao, Jorge F. Giani, Margarita Angerosa, Fernando P. Dominici, Nestor F. Gonzalez-Cadavid
    Kidney and Blood Pressure Research

FAQs

  1. What is the expected band size when running Western blot under nonreducing conditions with Catalog # AF-510-NA

    • Rat TNF-alpha exists as a homotrimer under nonreducing conditions. Each monomer has a molecular weight of ~17 kDa, so the homotrimer form under nonreducing conditions is expected to band at ~51 kDa. 

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