Rat IL-13 Biotinylated Antibody Summary
Thr19-His131
Accession # P42203
Applications
Please Note: Optimal dilutions should be determined by each laboratory for each application. General Protocols are available in the Technical Information section on our website.
Preparation and Storage
- 12 months from date of receipt, -20 to -70 °C as supplied.
- 1 month, 2 to 8 °C under sterile conditions after reconstitution.
- 6 months, -20 to -70 °C under sterile conditions after reconstitution.
Background: IL-13
IL-13 is a 17 kDa immunoregulatory cytokine that plays a key role in the pathogenesis of allergic asthma and atopy. It is secreted by Th1 and Th2 CD4+ T cells, NK cells, visceral smooth muscle cells, eosinophils, mast cells, and basophils (1 - 3). IL-13 circulates as a monomer with two internal disulfide bonds that contribute to a bundled four alpha -helix configuration (4, 5). Mature rat IL-13 shares 59%, 75%, and 60% amino acid sequence identity with human, mouse, and rhesus IL-13, respectively. Despite the low homology, it exhibits cross-species activity between human, mouse, and rat (6, 7). IL-13 has diverse activities on numerous cell types (8). On macrophages, IL-13 suppresses the production of proinflammatory cytokines and other cytotoxic substances. On B cells, IL-13 induces immunoglobulin class switching to IgE, upregulates the expression of MHC class II, CD71, CD72, and CD23, and costimulates proliferation. IL-13 upregulates IL-6 while downregulating IL-1 and TNF-alpha production by fibroblasts and endothelial cells. IL-13 binds with low affinity to IL-13 R alpha 1, triggering IL-13 R alpha 1 association with IL-4 R alpha. This high affinity receptor complex also functions as the type 2 IL-4 receptor complex (9, 10). Additionally, IL-13 binds with high affinity to IL-13 R alpha 2 which is expressed intracellularly, on the cell surface, and as a soluble molecule (11 - 14). IL-13 R alpha 2 regulates the bioavailability of both IL-13 and IL-4 and is overexpressed in glioma and several bronchial pathologies (10, 15, 16). Compared to wild type IL-13, the atopy-associated R110Q variant of IL-13 elicits increased responsiveness from eosinophils that express low levels of IL-13 R alpha 2 (17).
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- Nakajima H. and K. Takatsu (2007) Int. Arch. Allergy Immunol. 142:265.
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- Moy, F.J. et al. (2001) J. Mol. Biol. 310:219.
- Eisenmesser, E.Z. et al. (2001) J. Mol. Biol. 310:231.
- Ruetten, H. and C. Thiemermann (1997) Shock 8:409.
- Lakkis, F.G. et al. (1997) Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 235:529.
- Wynn, T.A. (2003) Annu. Rev. Immunol. 21:425.
- Andrews, A.L. et al. (2002) J. Biol. Chem. 277:46073.
- Tabata, Y. et al. (2007) Curr. Allergy Asthma Rep. 7:338.
- Chiaramonte, M.G. et al. (2003) J. Exp. Med. 197:687.
- Daines, M.O. and G.K. Hershey (2002) J. Biol. Chem. 227:10387
- Matsumura, M. et al. (2007) Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun.360:464.
- Tabata, Y. et al. (2007) J. Immunol. 177:7905.
- Andrews, A.L. et al. (2006) J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. 118:858.
- Joshi, B.H. et al. (2006) Vitam. Horm. 74:479.
- Andrews, A-L. et al. (2007) J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. 120:91.
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