NMDA
Chemical Name: N-Methyl-D-aspartic acid
Purity: ≥99%
Biological Activity
NMDA is a prototypic NMDA receptor agonist.Caged version also available (Cat. No 2224).
Technical Data
The technical data provided above is for guidance only.
For batch specific data refer to the Certificate of Analysis.
Tocris products are intended for laboratory research use only, unless stated otherwise.
Background References
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Neuromuscular NMDA Receptors Modulate Developmental Synapse Elimination
KE Personius, BS Slusher, SB Udin
J. Neurosci, 2016;36(34):8783-9. -
Sapap3 deletion anomalously activates short-term endocannabinoid-mediated synaptic plasticity.
Chen, Meng, Wan, Yehong, Ade, Kristen, Ting, Jonathan, Feng, Guoping, Calakos, Nicole
J Neurosci, 2011;31(26):9563-73. -
Potentiation of NMDA receptor-dependent cell responses by extracellular high mobility group box 1 protein.
Pedrazzi, Marco, Averna, Monica, Sparatore, Bianca, Patrone, Mauro, Salamino, Franca, Marcoli, Manuela, Maura, Guido, Cervetto, Chiara, Frattaroli, Daniela, Pontremoli, Sandro, Melloni, Edon
PLoS ONE, 2012;7(8):e44518. -
Olanzapine: preclinical and clinical profiles of a novel antipsychotic agent.
Tollefson and Taylor
CNS Drug Reviews, 2000;6:303 -
Excitatory amino acids.
Watkins
Kainic acid as a Tool in Neurobiology. Edited by E, 1978;:37 -
Excitatory amino acid transmitters.
Watkins and Evans
Annu.Rev.Pharmacol.Toxicol., 1981;21:165
Product Datasheets
Citations for NMDA
The citations listed below are publications that use Tocris products. Selected citations for NMDA include:
91 Citations: Showing 1 - 10
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Maladaptive Downregulation of Autonomous Subthalamic Nucleus Activity following the Loss of Midbrain Dopamine Neurons.
Authors: McIver Et al.
Cell Rep 2019;28:992
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Oligodendrocyte Progenitor Cells Become Regionally Diverse and Heterogeneous with Age.
Authors: Spitzer Et al.
Neuron 2019;101:459
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The axonal motor neuropathy-related HINT1 protein is a zinc- and calmodulin-regulated cysteine SUMO protease.
Authors: Cortés-Montero Et al.
Antioxid Redox Signal 2019;
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Fenfluramine diminishes NMDA receptor-mediated seizures via its mixed activity at serotonin 5HT2A and type 1 sigma receptors.
Authors: Rodríguez-Muñoz Et al.
Oncotarget 2018;9:23373
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GABAergic inhibition in dual-transmission cholinergic and GABAergic striatal interneurons is abolished in Parkinson disease.
Authors: Lozovaya Et al.
Nat Commun 2018;9(1):1422
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Neuronal Activity-Dependent Activation of Astroglial Calcineurin in Mouse Primary Hippocampal Cultures.
Authors: Lim Et al.
Int J Mol Sci 2018;19
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Cannabidiol enhances MOR antinociception, diminishes NMDA-mediated seizures and reduces stroke damage via the sigma 1 receptor.
Authors: Rodríguez-Muñoz Et al.
Mol Brain 2018;11:51
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The major neurotransmitter systems in the basolateral amygdala and the ventral tegmental areamediate morphine-induced memory consolidation impairment.
Authors: Sharifi
Neuroscience 2017;353:7
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Nitric Oxide Is Required for L-Type Ca(2+) Channel-Dependent Long-Term Potentiation in the Hippocampus.
Authors: Pigott and Garthwaite
Front Synaptic Neurosci 2016;8:17
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The calcium sensor Copine-6 regulates spine structural plasticity and learning and memory.
Authors: Reinhard Et al.
Nat Commun 2016;7:11613
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Transient Oxygen/Glucose Deprivation Causes a Delayed Loss of Mitochondria and Increases Spontaneous Calcium Signaling in Astrocytic Processes.
Authors: O'Donnell Et al.
J Neurosci 2016;36:7109
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Activation of calcineurin underlies altered trafficking of α2 subunit containing GABAA receptors during prolonged epileptiform activity.
Authors: Eckel Et al.
Neuropharmacology 2015;88:82
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Conformations of tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) orchestrate neuronal survival by a crosstalk between EGFR and NMDAR.
Authors: Bertrand Et al.
Cell Death Dis 2015;6:e1924
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Brain ischemia downregulates the neuroprotective GDNF-Ret signaling by a calpain-dependent mechanism in cultured hippocampal neurons.
Authors: Curcio Et al.
Cell Death Dis 2015;6:e1645
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The higher order auditory cortex is involved in the assignment of affective value to sensory stimuli.
Authors: Grosso Et al.
Nat Commun 2015;6:8886
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Neuronal development is promoted by weakened intrinsic antioxidant defences due to epigenetic repression of Nrf2.
Authors: Bell Et al.
Nat Commun 2015;6:7066
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The ON:OFF switch, σ1R-HINT1 protein, controls GPCR-NMDA receptor cross-regulation: implications in neurological disorders.
Authors: Rodríguez-Muñoz Et al.
Oncotarget 2015;6:35458
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Nitric oxide targets oligodendrocytes and promotes their morphological differentiation.
Authors: Garthwaite Et al.
Glia 2015;63:383
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Impact of subanesthetic doses of KA on AMPA-mediated responses in rats: An in vivo electrophysiological study on monoaminergic and glutamatergic neurons.
Authors: Iskandrani Et al.
J Psychopharmacol 2015;29:792
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CaMKII mediates recruitment and activation of the deubiquitinase CYLD at the postsynaptic density.
Authors: Thein Et al.
PLoS One 2014;9:e91312
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Neuritin can normalize neural deficits of Alzheimer's disease.
Authors: An Et al.
Cell Death Dis 2014;5:e1523
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KA alters cortical integration of GABAergic interneurons and induces long-term sex-dependent impairments in transgenic Gad67-GFP mice.
Authors: Aligny Et al.
Cell Death Dis 2014;5:e1311
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Presynaptic GABAergic inhibition regulated by BDNF contributes to neuropathic pain induction.
Authors: Chen Et al.
Nat Commun 2014;5:5331
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IKK regulates the deubiquitinase CYLD at the postsynaptic density.
Authors: Thein Et al.
Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2014;450:550
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STAT1 negatively regulates spatial memory formation and mediates the memory-impairing effect of Aβ.
Authors: Hsu Et al.
Neuropsychopharmacology 2014;39:746
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Long-term depression-inducing stimuli promote cleavage of the synaptic adhesion molecule NGL-3 through NMDA receptors, matrix metalloproteinases and presenilin/γ-secretase.
Authors: Lee Et al.
Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2014;369:20130158
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Rapid and reversible knockdown of endogenous proteins by peptide-directed lysosomal degradation.
Authors: Fan Et al.
Nat Neurosci 2014;17:471
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The calcium-sensitive σ-1 receptor prevents cannabinoids from provoking glutamate NMDA receptor hypofunction: implications in antinociception and psychotic diseases.
Authors: Sánchez-Blázquez Et al.
Int J Neuropsychopharmacol 2014;17:1943
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PICK1 links Argonaute 2 to endosomes in neuronal dendrites and regulates miRNA activity.
Authors: Antoniou Et al.
EMBO Rep 2014;15:548
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Camkii-mediated phosphorylation regulates distributions of Syngap-α1 and -α2 at the postsynaptic density.
Authors: Yang Et al.
PLoS One 2013;8:e71795
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Evidence for glutamate as a neuroglial transmitter within sensory ganglia.
Authors: Kung Et al.
PLoS One 2013;8:e68312
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Membrane potential measurements of isolated neurons using a voltage-sensitive dye.
Authors: Fairless Et al.
PLoS One 2013;8:e58260
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Activation of group I metabotropic glutamate receptors potentiates heteromeric kainate receptors.
Authors: Rojas Et al.
Mol Pharmacol 2013;83:106
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HINT1 protein cooperates with cannabinoid 1 receptor to negatively regulate glutamate NMDA receptor activity.
Authors: Vicente-Sánchez Et al.
Mol Brain 2013;6:42
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Central activation of the A1 adenosine receptor (A1AR) induces a hypothermic, torpor-like state in the rat.
Authors: Tupone Et al.
J Neurosci 2013;33:14512
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An essential role for inhibitor-2 regulation of protein phosphatase-1 in synaptic scaling.
Authors: Siddoway Et al.
J Neurosci 2013;33:11206
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On the selectivity of neuronal NOS inhibitors.
Authors: Pigott Et al.
Br J Pharmacol 2013;168:1255
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Physiological release of endogenous tau is stimulated by neuronal activity.
Authors: Pooler Et al.
EMBO Rep 2013;14:389
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S-nitrosylation of AMPA receptor GluA1 regulates phosphorylation, single-channel conductance, and endocytosis.
Authors: Selvakumar Et al.
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2013;110:1077
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Gephyrin-independent GABA(A)R mobility and clustering during plasticity.
Authors: Niwa Et al.
PLoS One 2012;7:e36148
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Glutamate may be an efferent transmitter that elicits inhibition in mouse taste buds.
Authors: Huang Et al.
PLoS One 2012;7:e30662
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Molecular pharmacology of human NMDA receptors.
Authors: Hedegaard Et al.
Neurochem Int 2012;61:601
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Metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 mediates phosphorylation of vascular endothelial cadherin and nuclear localization of β-catenin in response to homocysteine.
Authors: Beard Et al.
Vascul Pharmacol 2012;56:159
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Glissandi: transient fast electrocorticographic oscillations of steadily increasing frequency, explained by temporally increasing gap junction conductance.
Authors: Cunningham Et al.
Epilepsia 2012;53:1205
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In vivo comparison of harmine efficacy against psychostimulants: preferential inhibition of the cocaine response through a glutamatergic mechanism.
Authors: Owaisat Et al.
Neurosci Lett 2012;525:12
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Bidirectional control of mRNA translation and synaptic plasticity by the cytoplasmic polyadenylation complex.
Authors: Udagawa Et al.
Mol Cell 2012;47:253
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Glutamate carboxypeptidase II (GCPII) inhibitor displays anti-glutamate and anti-cocaine effects in an invertebrate assay.
Authors: Tallarida Et al.
Amino Acids 2012;42:2521
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The mu-opioid receptor and the NMDA receptor associate in PAG neurons: implications in pain control.
Authors: Rodríguez-Muñoz Et al.
Neuropsychopharmacology 2012;37:338
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Reducing amyloid-related Alzheimer's disease pathogenesis by a small molecule targeting filamin A.
Authors: Wang Et al.
J Neurosci 2012;32:9773
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Glutamate controls tPA recycling by astrocytes, which in turn influences glutamatergic signals.
Authors: Cassé Et al.
J Neurosci 2012;32:5186
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Genetic deletion of TNF receptor suppresses excitatory synaptic transmission via reducing AMPA receptor synaptic localization in cortical neurons.
Authors: He Et al.
FASEB J 2012;26:334
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Neuroprotective effects of phenolic antioxidant tBHQ associate with inhibition of FoxO3a nuclear translocation and activity.
Authors: Bahia Et al.
J Neurochem 2012;123:182
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Soybean-derived Bowman-Birk inhibitor inhibits neurotoxicity of LPS-activated macrophages.
Authors: Li Et al.
J Neuroinflammation 2011;8:15
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Microglial morphology and dynamic behavior is regulated by ionotropic glutamatergic and GABAergic neurotransmission.
Authors: Fontainhas Et al.
PLoS One 2011;6:e15973
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Functional role of neurotrophin-3 in synapse regeneration by spiral ganglion neurons on inner hair cells after excitotoxic trauma in vitro.
Authors: Wang and Green
J Neurosci 2011;31:7938
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Activity-dependent ubiquitination of the AMPA receptor subunit GluA2.
Authors: Lussier Et al.
J Neurosci 2011;31:3077
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SynGAP moves out of the core of the postsynaptic density upon depolarization.
Authors: Yang Et al.
Neuroscience 2011;192:132
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Exposure of neurons to excitotoxic levels of glutamate induces cleavage of the RNA editing enzyme, adenosine deaminase acting on RNA 2, and loss of GLUR2 editing.
Authors: Mahajan Et al.
Neuroscience 2011;189:305
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VEGF modulates NMDA receptors activity in cerebellar granule cells through Src-family kinases before synapse formation.
Authors: Meissirel Et al.
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2011;108:13782
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CB1 modulation of temporally distinct synaptic facilitation among local circuit interneurons mediated by N-type calcium channels in CA1.
Authors: Ali
J Neurophysiol 2011;105:1051
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Neuroprotective effect of inhaled nitric oxide on excitotoxic-induced brain damage in neonatal rat.
Authors: Pansiot Et al.
PLoS One 2010;5:e10916
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Calcium binding to PICK1 is essential for the intracellular retention of AMPA receptors underlying long-term depression.
Authors: Citri Et al.
J Neurosci 2010;30:16437
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Sustained glutamate receptor activation down-regulates GABAB receptors by shifting the balance from recycling to lysosomal degradation.
Authors: Maier Et al.
J Biol Chem 2010;285:35606
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NR2D-containing NMDA receptors mediate tissue plasminogen activator-promoted neuronal excitotoxicity.
Authors: Baron Et al.
Cell Death Differ 2010;17:860
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Oligodendrocytes are damaged by neuromyelitis optica immunoglobulin G via astrocyte injury.
Authors: Marignier Et al.
Brain 2010;133:2578
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Disassembly of shank and homer synaptic clusters is driven by soluble beta-amyloid(1-40) through divergent NMDAR-dependent signalling pathways.
Authors: Roselli Et al.
PLoS One 2009;4:e6011
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N-MthD.-aspartate receptor- and metabotropic glutamate receptor-dependent long-term depression are differentially regulated by the ubiquitin-proteasome system.
Authors: Citri Et al.
Eur J Neurosci 2009;30:1443
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Cortical adenylyl cyclase 1 is required for thalamocortical synapse maturation and aspects of layer IV barrel development.
Authors: Iwasato Et al.
J Neurosci 2008;28:5931
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A quantitative assessment of glutamate uptake into hippocampal synaptic terminals and astrocytes: new insights into a neuronal role for excitatory amino acid transporter 2 (EAAT2).
Authors: Furness Et al.
Neuroscience 2008;157:80
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An activity-regulated microRNA controls dendritic plasticity by down-regulating p250GAP.
Authors: Wayman Et al.
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2008;105:9093
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AMPAR exocytosis through NO modulation of PICK1.
Authors: Sossa Et al.
Neuropharmacology 2007;53:92
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Differential redistribution of native AMPA receptor complexes following LTD induction in acute hippocampal slices.
Authors: Holman Et al.
Neuropharmacology 2007;52:92
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Synaptic scaffolding molecule alpha is a scaffold to mediate N-MthD.-aspartate receptor-dependent RhoA activation in dendrites.
Authors: Iida Et al.
Mol Cell Biol 2007;27:4388
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NMDA receptor activation potentiates inhibitory transmission through GABA receptor-associated protein-dependent exocytosis of GABA(A) receptors.
Authors: Marsden Et al.
J Neurosci 2007;27:14326
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Characterization of the role of microtubule-associated protein 1B in metabotropic glutamate receptor-mediated endocytosis of AMPA receptors in hippocampus.
Authors: Davidkova and Carroll
J Neurosci 2007;27:13273
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Vesicular release of glutamate from unmyelinated axons in white matter.
Authors: Ziskin Et al.
Nat Neurosci 2007;10:321
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Activation of group III metabotropic glutamate receptors attenuates rotenone toxicity on DArgic neurons through a microtubule-dependent mechanism.
Authors: Jiang Et al.
J Neurosci 2006;26:4318
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cAMP-dependent protein kinase postsynaptic localization regulated by NMDA receptor activation through translocation of an A-kinase anchoring protein scaffold protein.
Authors: Smith Et al.
J Neurosci 2006;26:2391
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Analgesia mediated by the TRPM8 cold receptor in chronic neuropathic pain.
Authors: Proudfoot Et al.
Curr Biol 2006;16:1591
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Glutamatergic regulation of the p70S6 kinase in primary mouse neurons.
Authors: Lenz and Avruch
J Biol Chem 2005;280:38121
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Akt-dependent expression of NAIP-1 protects neurons against amyloid-{beta} toxicity.
Authors: Lesne Et al.
J Biol Chem 2005;280:24941
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Behavioral stress enhances hippocampal CA1 long-term depression through the blockade of the glutamate uptake.
Authors: Yang Et al.
J Neurosci 2005;25:4288
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Diminished neuronal activity increases neuron-neuron connectivity underlying silent synapse formation and the rapid conversion of silent to functional synapses.
Authors: Nakayama Et al.
J Neurosci 2005;25:4040
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Neuroprotective activity of the mGluR5 antagonists MPEP and MTEP against acute excitotoxicity differs and does not reflect actions at mGluR5 receptors.
Authors: Lea Et al.
Br J Pharmacol 2005;145:527
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beta-OE, dehydroepiandrosterone, and dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate protect against N-MthD.-aspartate-induced neurotoxicity in rat hippocampal neurons by different mechanisms.
Authors: Kurata Et al.
J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2004;311:237
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Cell type-specific interleukin-1beta signaling in the CNS.
Authors: Srinivasan Et al.
J Neurosci 2004;24:6482
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Subpallial origin of a population of projecting pioneer neurons during corticogenesis.
Authors: Morante-Oria Et al.
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2003;100:12468
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Presynaptic N-MthD.-aspartate receptors at the parallel fiber-Purkinje cell synapse.
Authors: Casado Et al.
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2000;97:11593
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Investigations into the mechanism of action of the new anticonvulsant retigabine. Interaction with GABAergic and glutamatergic neurotransmission and with voltage gated ion channels.
Authors: Rundfeldt
Arzneimittelforschung 2000;50:1063
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Selective mGluR5 antagonists MPEP and SIB-1893 decrease NMDA or glutamate-mediated neuronal toxicity through actions that reflect NMDA receptor antagonism.
Authors: O'Leary Et al.
Br J Pharmacol 2000;131:1429
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In vivo microdialysis study of a specific inhibitor of soluble guanylyl cyclase on the glutamate receptor/nitric oxide/cyclic GMP pathway.
Authors: Fedele Et al.
Br J Pharmacol 1996;119:590
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