Mouse CD28 Antibody Summary
Lys21-Lys149
Accession # P31041
Applications
Please Note: Optimal dilutions should be determined by each laboratory for each application. General Protocols are available in the Technical Information section on our website.
Preparation and Storage
- 12 months from date of receipt, -20 to -70 °C as supplied.
- 1 month, 2 to 8 °C under sterile conditions after reconstitution.
- 6 months, -20 to -70 °C under sterile conditions after reconstitution.
Background: CD28
CD28 and CTLA-4, together with their ligands B7-1 and B7-2, constitute one of the dominant costimulatory pathways that regulate T- and B-cell responses. CD28 and CTLA-4 are structurally homologous molecules that are members of the immunoglobulin (Ig) gene superfamily. Both CD28 and CTLA-4 are composed of a single Ig V‑like extracellular domain, a transmembrane domain and an intracellular domain. CD28 and CTLA-4 are both expressed on the cell surface as disulfide-linked homodimers or as monomers. The genes encoding these two molecules are closely linked on human chromosome 2 and mouse chromosome 1. Mouse CD28 is expressed constitutively on virtually 100% of mouse T cells and on developing thymocytes. Cell surface expression of mouse CD28 is down-regulated upon ligation of CD28 in the presence of PMA or PHA. In contrast, CTLA-4 is not expressed constitutively but is upregulated rapidly following T cell activation and CD28 ligation. Cell surface expression of CTLA-4 peaks approximately 48 hours after activation. Although both CTLA-4 and CD28 can bind to the same ligands, CTLA-4 binds to B7‑1 and B7‑2 with a 20‑100 fold higher affinity than CD28. CD28/B7 interaction has been shown to prevent apoptosis of activated T cells via the up-regulation of bcl‑XL. CD28 ligation has also been shown to regulate Th1/Th2 differentiation.
- Lenschow, D.J. et al. (1996) Annu. Rev. Immunol. 14:233.
- Hathcock, K.S. and R.J. Hodes (1996) Advances in Immunol. 62:131.
- Ward, S.G. (1996) Biochem. J. 318:361.
Product Datasheets
Citations for Mouse CD28 Antibody
R&D Systems personnel manually curate a database that contains references using R&D Systems products. The data collected includes not only links to publications in PubMed, but also provides information about sample types, species, and experimental conditions.
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Role of IL-23 signaling in the progression of premalignant oral lesions to cancer
Authors: B Caughron, Y Yang, MRI Young
PLoS ONE, 2018-04-17;13(4):e0196034.
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IL-23R Signaling Plays No Role in Myocardial Infarction
Authors: E Engelowski, NF Modares, S Gorressen, P Bouvain, D Semmler, C Alter, Z Ding, U Flögel, J Schrader, H Xu, PA Lang, J Fischer, DM Floss, J Scheller
Sci Rep, 2018-11-20;8(1):17078.
Species: Mouse
Sample Types: Whole Cells
Applications: Bioassay -
B and T lymphocyte attenuator-mediated signal transduction provides a potent inhibitory signal to primary human CD4 T cells that can be initiated by multiple phosphotyrosine motifs.
Authors: Chemnitz JM, Lanfranco AR, Braunstein I, Riley JL
J. Immunol., 2006-06-01;176(11):6603-14.
Species: Mouse
Sample Types: Recombinant Protein
Applications: Western Blot
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