Hyaluronan (Medium MW) Summary
Product Specifications
Product Datasheets
GLR004
GLR004
| Formulation | White odorless powder. |
| Reconstitution | Hyaluronan can be reconstituted in aqueous solutions. |
| Shipping | The product is shipped with polar packs. Upon receipt, store it immediately at the temperature recommended below. |
| Stability & Storage: | Store the unopened product at -20 to -70 °C. Use a manual defrost freezer and avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles. |
Background: Hyaluronan
Hyaluronan (HA), also known as hyaluronic acid or sodium hyaluronate, is a naturally occurring linear polymer of the repeating disaccharide structure: D-glucuronic acid-beta-1, 3-N-acetylglucosamine-beta-1,4 (1 - 3). It is a glycosaminoglycan (GAG) that is ubiquitously present in the extracellular matrix of all vertebrates and is also present in the capsule of some strains of Streptococci. Unlike other GAGs such as chondroitin sulfate, dermatan sulfate, and heparin sulfate, HA lacks sulfate groups. Except for the covalent binding with the heavy chain of inter-alpha-trypsin inhibitor (2), HA is not covalently associated with other proteins. Mammalian HA is synthesized by one of three distinct HA synthases (HAS1, 2, and 3), which are plasma membrane proteins with multiple transmembrane domains (1 - 4). As UDP-sugar substrates are added, the growing HA polymer continuously translocates across the membrane to the extracellular surface. The three HA synthases differ in their rates of synthesis and produce HA polymers with different chain lengths. Whereas HAS-2 produces high molecular weight (HMW) HA with an average mass of greater than 2000 kDa, HAS-1 and HAS-3 produce HA with a size distribution of 200 - 2000 kDa (4). HA is important for the maintenance of a highly hydrated extracellular matrix in tissues, which is involved in cell adhesion and supports cell migration. HA also exhibits diverse biological functions by interacting with a large number of hyaluronan-binding proteins and cell surface receptors (CD44, LYVE-1) (5). HA biological functions differ depending on the size of HA (3 - 7). Whereas HMW HA (> 500 kDa) is anti-angiogenic, anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive, low molecular weight (LMW) HA (10 - 500 kDa) is highly angiogenic and pro-inflammatory. HA oligomers are anti-apoptotic and upregulate heat shock protein expression. HA turns over rapidly in mammals, via the concerted actions of a family of at least 5 hyaluronidases (8).
- Weigel, P.H. et al. (1997) J. Biol. Chem. 272:13997.
- Bost, F. et al. (1998) Eur. J. Biochem. 252:339.
- Stern, R. (2004) Eur. J. Cell Biol. 83:317.
- Itano, N. and K. Kimata (2002) IUBMB Life 54:195.
- Day, A.J. http://www.glycoforum.gr.jp/science/hyaluronan/HA16/HA16E.html.
- Powell, J.D. and M.R. Horton (2005) Immunol. Res. 32:207.
- Csoka, A.B. et al. (2001) Matrix Biol. 20:499.
- Turley, E.A. et al. (2002) J. Biol. Chem. 277:4589.
Citations for Hyaluronan (Medium MW)
R&D Systems personnel manually curate a database that contains references using R&D Systems products. The data collected includes not only links to publications in PubMed, but also provides information about sample types, species, and experimental conditions.
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Citations: Showing 1 - 7
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ROS-Mediated Fragmentation Alters the Effects of Hyaluronan on Corneal Epithelial Wound Healing
Authors: Lin, X;Moreno, IY;Nguyen, L;Gesteira, TF;Coulson-Thomas, VJ;
Biomolecules
Species: N/A
Sample Types: Recombinant Protein
Applications: Bioassay -
Targeting Toll-like receptors with soluble Toll-like receptor 2 prevents peritoneal dialysis solution-induced fibrosis.
Authors: Raby A, Gonzalez-Mateo G, Williams A, Topley N, Fraser D, Lopez-Cabrera M, Labeta M
Kidney Int, 2018-05-31;94(2):346-362.
Species: Human, Mouse
Sample Types: Whole Cells
Applications: Bioassay -
Modulation of hyaluronan polymer size regulates proliferation of perimysial fibroblasts in thyroid eye disease
Authors: R Ma, Q Li, Z Wang, Y Yuan, L Gan, J Qian
Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun., 2018-02-05;0(0):.
Species: Human
Sample Types: Whole Cells
Applications: Bioassay -
Hyaluronan and proteoglycan link protein 1 (HAPLN1) activates bortezomib-resistant NF-?B activity and increases drug resistance in multiple myeloma
Authors: M Huynh, C Pak, S Markovina, NS Callander, KS Chng, SM Wuerzberge, DD Bakshi, JA Kink, P Hematti, C Hope, F Asimakopou, L Rui, S Miyamoto
J. Biol. Chem., 2017-12-26;0(0):.
Species: Human
Sample Types: Whole Cells
Applications: Bioassay -
Extravillous trophoblast cell invasion is promoted by the CD44-hyaluronic acid interaction.
Authors: Takahashi H, Takizawa T, Matsubara S, Ohkuchi A, Kuwata T, Usui R, Matsumoto H, Sato Y, Fujiwara H, Okamoto A, Suzuki M, Takizawa T
Placenta, 2013-12-30;35(3):163-70.
Species: Human
Sample Types: Whole Cells
Applications: Bioassay -
Heterodimeric integrin complexes containing beta1-integrin promote internalization and lethality of anthrax toxin.
Authors: Martchenko M, Jeong SY, Cohen SN
Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A., 2010-08-16;107(35):15583-8.
Species: Mouse
Sample Types: Whole Cells
Applications: Bioassay -
Identification of a novel chondroitin hydrolase in Caenorhabditis elegans.
Authors: Kaneiwa T, Yamada S, Mizumoto S, Montano AM, Mitani S, Sugahara K
J. Biol. Chem., 2008-04-04;283(22):14971-9.
Species: Human
Sample Types: Recombinant Protein
FAQs
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Does R&D Systems® hyaluronan contain any chondroitin sulfate?
No, the hyaluronan is produced by microbial fermentation of Streptococcus pyogenes, which does not make chondroitin sulfate.
Reviews for Hyaluronan (Medium MW)
Average Rating: 5 (Based on 2 Reviews)
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Reason for Rating: Excellent product that is LPS free for immune studies.
