Human/Mouse/Rat HTRA2/Omi Antibody

Catalog # Availability Size / Price Qty
AF1458
AF1458-SP
Detection of Human/Mouse/Rat HTRA2/Omi by Western Blot.
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Product Details
Citations (33)
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Human/Mouse/Rat HTRA2/Omi Antibody Summary

Species Reactivity
Human, Mouse, Rat
Specificity
Detects human, mouse, and rat full length and mitochondria-processed HTRA2/Omi.
Source
Polyclonal Rabbit IgG
Purification
Antigen Affinity-purified
Immunogen
E. coli-derived recombinant human HTRA2/Omi
Ala134-Glu458
Accession # O43464
Formulation
Lyophilized from a 0.2 μm filtered solution in PBS with Trehalose. *Small pack size (SP) is supplied either lyophilized or as a 0.2 µm filtered solution in PBS.
Label
Unconjugated

Applications

Recommended Concentration
Sample
Western Blot
0.25 µg/mL
See below
Simple Western
2.5 µg/mL
See below
Immunocytochemistry
5-15 µg/mL
See below

Please Note: Optimal dilutions should be determined by each laboratory for each application. General Protocols are available in the Technical Information section on our website.

Scientific Data

Western Blot Detection of Human/Mouse/Rat HTRA2/Omi antibody by Western Blot. View Larger

Detection of Human/Mouse/Rat HTRA2/Omi by Western Blot. Western blot shows lysates of PC-12 rat adrenal pheochromocytoma cell line, Jurkat human acute T cell leukemia cell line, HeLa human cervical epithelial carcinoma cell line, L-929 mouse fibroblast cell line, and C2C12 mouse myoblast cell line. PVDF membrane was probed with 0.25 µg/mL of Rabbit Anti-Human/Mouse/Rat HTRA2/Omi Antigen Affinity-purified Polyclonal Antibody (Catalog # AF1458) followed by HRP-conjugated Anti-Rabbit IgG Secondary Antibody (Catalog # HAF008). Specific bands were detected for HTRA2/Omi at approximately 36 and 49 kDa (as indicated). This experiment was conducted under reducing conditions and using Immunoblot Buffer Group 2.

Immunocytochemistry HTRA2/Omi antibody in Jurkat Human Cell Line by Immunocytochemistry (ICC). View Larger

HTRA2/Omi in Jurkat Human Cell Line. HTRA2/Omi was detected in immersion fixed Jurkat human acute T cell leukemia cell line stimulated with staurosporin using Rabbit Anti-Human/Mouse/Rat HTRA2/Omi Antigen Affinity-purified Polyclonal Antibody (Catalog # AF1458) at 10 µg/mL for 3 hours at room temperature. Cells were stained using the NorthernLights™ 557-conjugated Anti-Rabbit IgG Secondary Antibody (yellow; Catalog # NL004) and counterstained with DAPI (blue). View our protocol for Fluorescent ICC Staining of Cells on Coverslips.

Simple Western Detection of Human and Mouse HTRA2/Omi antibody by Simple Western<SUP>TM</SUP>. View Larger

Detection of Human and Mouse HTRA2/Omi by Simple WesternTM. Simple Western lane view shows lysates of C2C12 mouse myoblast cell line and HeLa human cervical epithelial carcinoma cell line, loaded at 0.2 mg/mL. Specific bands were detected for HTRA2/Omi at approximately 51 kDa (precursor) and 41 kDa (processed) (as indicated) using 2.5 µg/mL of Rabbit Anti-Human/Mouse/Rat HTRA2/Omi Antigen Affinity-purified Polyclonal Antibody (Catalog # AF1458). This experiment was conducted under reducing conditions and using the 12-230 kDa separation system.

Western Blot Detection of Human HTRA2/Omi by Western Blot View Larger

Detection of Human HTRA2/Omi by Western Blot Caspases are not activated by FGFR inhibition in FGFR2‐mutant EC cells. (A) Western blots showing total caspase‐3 and caspase‐7 in response to treatment with 300 nm BGJ398 for up to 72 h. Tubulin serves as a loading control. *Denotes nonspecific band. (B) AN3CA and JHUEM2 cells were pretreated with 100 μm Z‐VAD‐FMK for 1 h prior to the addition of DMSO, 1 μm PD173074 (PD), 300 nm BGJ398 (BGJ) or 300 nm AZD4547 (AZD) for 72 h. Cell death was detected by staining cells with Annexin V. The mean percentage of Annexin V‐positive cells from three independent experiments (each performed in triplicate) is shown along with SD. (C) Western blot showing cleavage of caspase‐3 in AN3CA and JHUEM2 cells treated with 1 μm actinomycin D (Act D) or staurosporine (STS), respectively, for 24 h. (D) Mean percentage of AN3CA and JHUEM2 cells showing Annexin V‐positive staining following treatment with 100 μm Z‐VAD‐FMK alone or 1 h prior to treatment with 1 μm Act D and STS for 24 h. The mean from three independent experiments (each performed in triplicate) is shown along with SD. (E) Western blot showing staining of Bim, Bid, HTRA2/OMI and Smac/diablo in cytosolic and mitochondrial fractions of JHUEM2 cells treated with 300 nm BGJ398 for 24 and 48 h. Tom20 serves as a marker of the mitochondrial fraction, GRP78 as a marker of the ER, Lamin B1 as a marker of the nuclear fraction and GAPDH as a marker of the cytosolic fraction. (F) Western blot showing staining of AIF in mitochondrial and nuclear fractions of AN3CA cells treated with 1 μm PD173074 for 48 h. Cox IV and PARP serve as mitochondrial and nuclear markers, respectively. Image collected and cropped by CiteAb from the following open publication (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30537101), licensed under a CC-BY license. Not internally tested by R&D Systems.

Western Blot Detection of Mouse HTRA2/Omi by Western Blot View Larger

Detection of Mouse HTRA2/Omi by Western Blot Neural deletion of Htra2 is sufficient to generate neurological phenotypes.(A) Exons 2 to 4 of Htra2 were flanked with loxP sites, with a FRT flanked neo cassette 3′ to exon 4. Expression of FlpE causes deletion of the selection cassette. Cre-mediated deletion causes excision of exons 2 to 4. Small arrows beneath the allele constructs denote the position of genotyping primers. (B) PCR from genomic DNA can distinguish WT (+, arrow, 279 bp), KO (–, filled arrowhead, 358 bp) and floxed (f, empty arrowhead, 313 bp) alleles of Htra2. (C) Western blot analysis confirmed loss of HTRA2 protein (arrow) in all tissues of HTRA2 KO mice and reduction in brain of NesKO mice (arrowheads denote non-specific bands). The levels of HTRA2 protein in NesKO spleen and thymus were comparable with NesWT. Cx: cortex, Mb: midbrain, Hb: hindbrain. PHB2 was used as a loading control. (D) HTRA2 KO mice and NesKO mice were smaller than WT littermates by comparison. The size of the thymus and spleen was reduced although brain was relatively normal in size (representative animals shown at P30, scale bar: 1 cm.). (E) Body weight of HTRA2 KO and NesKO mice did not increase beyond P18 (n = 56 (HTRA2 WT), 62 (HTRA2 KO), 35 (NesWT), 25 (NesKO), error bars indicate SEM). Image collected and cropped by CiteAb from the following open publication (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25531304), licensed under a CC-BY license. Not internally tested by R&D Systems.

Western Blot Detection of Mouse HTRA2/Omi by Western Blot View Larger

Detection of Mouse HTRA2/Omi by Western Blot Neural deletion of Htra2 is sufficient to generate neurological phenotypes.(A) Exons 2 to 4 of Htra2 were flanked with loxP sites, with a FRT flanked neo cassette 3′ to exon 4. Expression of FlpE causes deletion of the selection cassette. Cre-mediated deletion causes excision of exons 2 to 4. Small arrows beneath the allele constructs denote the position of genotyping primers. (B) PCR from genomic DNA can distinguish WT (+, arrow, 279 bp), KO (–, filled arrowhead, 358 bp) and floxed (f, empty arrowhead, 313 bp) alleles of Htra2. (C) Western blot analysis confirmed loss of HTRA2 protein (arrow) in all tissues of HTRA2 KO mice and reduction in brain of NesKO mice (arrowheads denote non-specific bands). The levels of HTRA2 protein in NesKO spleen and thymus were comparable with NesWT. Cx: cortex, Mb: midbrain, Hb: hindbrain. PHB2 was used as a loading control. (D) HTRA2 KO mice and NesKO mice were smaller than WT littermates by comparison. The size of the thymus and spleen was reduced although brain was relatively normal in size (representative animals shown at P30, scale bar: 1 cm.). (E) Body weight of HTRA2 KO and NesKO mice did not increase beyond P18 (n = 56 (HTRA2 WT), 62 (HTRA2 KO), 35 (NesWT), 25 (NesKO), error bars indicate SEM). Image collected and cropped by CiteAb from the following open publication (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25531304), licensed under a CC-BY license. Not internally tested by R&D Systems.

Preparation and Storage

Reconstitution
Reconstitute at 0.2 mg/mL in sterile PBS.
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Shipping
Lyophilized product is shipped at ambient temperature. Liquid small pack size (-SP) is shipped with polar packs. Upon receipt, store immediately at the temperature recommended below.
Stability & Storage
Use a manual defrost freezer and avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
  • 12 months from date of receipt, -20 to -70 °C as supplied.
  • 1 month, 2 to 8 °C under sterile conditions after reconstitution.
  • 6 months, -20 to -70 °C under sterile conditions after reconstitution.

Background: HTRA2/Omi

HtrA2/Omi is the mammalian homologue of bacterial high temperature requirement protein (HtrA). HtrA2/Omi localizes to the mitochondria and is processed to expose an amino-terminal Reaper-like motif similar to SMAC/Diablo. HtrA2/Omi is released from the mitochondria in response to apoptotic insult and can interact with the BIR2 or BIR3 domains of XIAP to relieve caspase-IAP inhibition. This effect can be measured by reversing XIAP-BIR2 (R&D Systems, Catalog # 786-XB) inhibition of Caspase-7 (R&D Systems, Catalog # 823-C7) cleavage of a fluorogenic peptide (DEVD-AFC, MP Bio, Catalog # AFC-138). IC50 values for this effect are typically between 0.2 and 1.5 μM. HtrA2/Omi is trimeric and functions as a serine protease. The serine protease activity may play a more central role in apoptosis than its IAP antagonizing function. A PDZ domain regulates the serine protease activity by blocking access to the active site. The specificity of the protease is yet to be defined and no endogenous substrates are known to date.

References
  1. Suzuki, Y. et al. (2001) Mol. Cell. 8:613.
  2. van Loo, G. et al. (2002) Cell Death & Diff. 9:20.
  3. Hedge, R. et al. (2001) J. Biol. Chem. 277:432.
  4. Verhagen, A. et al. (2001) J. Biol. Chem. 277:445.
  5. Martins, L. et al. (2002) J. Biol. Chem. 277:439.
  6. Silke, J., and A. Verhagen (2002) Cell Death & Diff. 9:362.
  7. Savopoulos, J. et al. (2000) Protein Expression & Purification 19:227.
Long Name
High Temperature Requirement Protein-2
Entrez Gene IDs
27429 (Human); 64704 (Mouse)
Alternate Names
High temperature requirement protein A2; HtrA serine peptidase 2; HTRA2; HtrA-like serine protease; Omi; OMIOmi stress-regulated endoprotease; PARK13EC 3.4.21.108; PRSS25; PRSS25serine, 25; Serine protease 25; serine protease HTRA2, mitochondrial; Serine proteinase OMI

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Citations for Human/Mouse/Rat HTRA2/Omi Antibody

R&D Systems personnel manually curate a database that contains references using R&D Systems products. The data collected includes not only links to publications in PubMed, but also provides information about sample types, species, and experimental conditions.

33 Citations: Showing 1 - 10
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  1. Protease-independent control of parthanatos by HtrA2/Omi
    Authors: Jonas Wei beta, Michelle Heib, Thiemo Korn, Justus Hoyer, Johaiber Fuchslocher Chico, Susann Voigt et al.
    Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences
  2. Subcellular origin of mitochondrial DNA deletions in human skeletal muscle
    Authors: Amy E. Vincent, Hannah S. Rosa, Kamil Pabis, Conor Lawless, Chun Chen, Anne Grünewald et al.
    Annals of Neurology
  3. The protease Omi regulates mitochondrial biogenesis through the GSK3B/PGC-1a pathway
    Authors: Xu R, Hu Q, Ma Q et al.
    Cell Death Dis
  4. Increased Active OMI/HTRA2 Serine Protease Displays a Positive Correlation with Cholinergic Alterations in the Alzheimer’s Disease Brain
    Authors: Taher Darreh-Shori, Sareh Rezaeianyazdi, Erica Lana, Sumonto Mitra, Anna Gellerbring, Azadeh Karami et al.
    Molecular Neurobiology
  5. The multi-subunit GID/CTLH E3 ubiquitin ligase promotes cell proliferation and targets the transcription factor Hbp1 for degradation
    Authors: F Lampert, D Stafa, A Goga, MV Soste, S Gilberto, N Olieric, P Picotti, M Stoffel, M Peter
    Elife, 2018-06-18;7(0):.
  6. Parkinson’s disease-associated mutations in DJ-1 modulate its dimerization in living cells
    Authors: Mariaelena Repici, Kornelis R. Straatman, Nadia Balduccio, Francisco J. Enguita, Tiago F. Outeiro, Flaviano Giorgini
    Journal of Molecular Medicine
  7. Bcl‐2 inhibitors enhance FGFR inhibitor‐induced mitochondrial‐dependent cell death in FGFR2‐mutant endometrial cancer
    Authors: Leisl M. Packer, Samantha J. Stehbens, Vanessa F. Bonazzi, Jennifer H. Gunter, Robert J. Ju, Micheal Ward et al.
    Molecular Oncology
  8. Diastolic dysfunction in Alzheimer's disease model mice is associated with A?-amyloid aggregate formation and mitochondrial dysfunction
    Authors: Aishwarya, R;Abdullah, CS;Remex, NS;Bhuiyan, MAN;Lu, XH;Dhanesha, N;Stokes, KY;Orr, AW;Kevil, CG;Bhuiyan, MS;
    Scientific reports
    Species: Mouse
    Sample Types: Cell Lysates
    Applications: Western Blot
  9. Pleiotropic effects of mdivi-1 in altering mitochondrial dynamics, respiration, and autophagy in cardiomyocytes
    Authors: R Aishwarya, S Alam, CS Abdullah, M Morshed, SS Nitu, M Panchatcha, S Miriyala, CG Kevil, MS Bhuiyan
    Redox Biol, 2020-07-26;36(0):101660.
    Species: Rat
    Sample Types: Cell Lysates, Protein
    Applications: Western Blot
  10. Cytosolic Trapping of a Mitochondrial Heat Shock Protein Is an Early Pathological Event in Synucleinopathies
    Authors: ÉM Szeg?, A Dominguez-, E Gerhardt, A König, DJ Koss, W Li, R Pinho, C Fahlbusch, M Johnson, P Santos, A Villar-Piq, T Thom, S Rizzoli, M Schmitz, J Li, I Zerr, J Attems, O Jahn, TF Outeiro
    Cell Rep, 2019-07-02;28(1):65-77.e6.
    Species: Rat
    Sample Types: Cell Lysates
    Applications: Western Blot
  11. PARL mediates Smac proteolytic maturation in mitochondria to promote apoptosis
    Authors: S Saita, H Nolte, KU Fiedler, H Kashkar, AS Venne, RP Zahedi, M Krüger, T Langer
    Nat. Cell Biol, 2017-03-13;0(0):.
    Species: Human
    Sample Types: Cell Lysates
    Applications: Western Blot
  12. Protease Omi cleaving Hax-1 protein contributes to OGD/R-induced mitochondrial damage in neuroblastoma N2a cells and cerebral injury in MCAO mice.
    Authors: Wu J, Li M, Cao L, Sun M, Chen D, Ren H, Xia Q, Tao Z, Qin Z, Hu Q, Wang G
    Acta Pharmacol Sin, 2015-08-24;36(9):1043-52.
    Species: Mouse
    Sample Types: Tissue Homogenates
    Applications: Western Blot
  13. Protease Omi facilitates neurite outgrowth in mouse neuroblastoma N2a cells by cleaving transcription factor E2F1.
    Authors: Ma Q, Hu Q, Xu R, Zhen X, Wang G
    Acta Pharmacol Sin, 2015-08-01;36(8):966-75.
    Species: Human, Mouse
    Sample Types: Cell Lysates, Tissue Homogenates
    Applications: Western Blot
  14. Heat shock inhibition of CDK5 increases NOXA levels through miR-23a repression.
    Authors: Morey T, Roufayel R, Johnston D, Fletcher A, Mosser D
    J Biol Chem, 2015-03-31;290(18):11443-54.
    Species: Human
    Sample Types: Cell Lysates
    Applications: Western Blot
  15. Neural-specific deletion of Htra2 causes cerebellar neurodegeneration and defective processing of mitochondrial OPA1.
    Authors: Patterson, Victoria, Zullo, Alfred J, Koenig, Claire, Stoessel, Sean, Jo, Hakryul, Liu, Xinran, Han, Jinah, Choi, Murim, DeWan, Andrew T, Thomas, Jean-Leo, Kuan, Chia-Yi, Hoh, Josephin
    PLoS ONE, 2014-12-22;9(12):e115789.
    Species: Mouse
    Sample Types: Cell Lysates
    Applications: Western Blot
  16. PINK1 kinase catalytic activity is regulated by phosphorylation on serines 228 and 402.
    Authors: Aerts L, Craessaerts K, de Strooper B, Morais V
    J Biol Chem, 2014-12-19;290(5):2798-811.
    Species: Human
    Sample Types: Cell Lysates
    Applications: Western Blot
  17. Influenza A virus protein PB1-F2 translocates into mitochondria via Tom40 channels and impairs innate immunity.
    Authors: Yoshizumi T, Ichinohe T, Sasaki O, Otera H, Kawabata S, Mihara K, Koshiba T
    Nat Commun, 2014-08-20;5(0):4713.
    Species: Human
    Sample Types: Cell Lysates
    Applications: Western Blot
  18. The ubiquitin-conjugating enzymes UBE2N, UBE2L3 and UBE2D2/3 are essential for Parkin-dependent mitophagy.
    Authors: Geisler S, Vollmer S, Golombek S, Kahle P
    J Cell Sci, 2014-06-06;127(0):3280-93.
    Species: Human
    Sample Types: Whole Cells
    Applications: ICC
  19. p53-mediated activation of the mitochondrial protease HtrA2/Omi prevents cell invasion.
    Authors: Yamauchi S, Hou Y, Guo A, Hirata H, Nakajima W, Yip A, Yu C, Harada I, Chiam K, Sawada Y, Tanaka N, Kawauchi K
    J Cell Biol, 2014-03-24;204(7):1191-207.
    Species: Mouse
    Sample Types: Whole Cells
    Applications: IHC
  20. The accumulation of misfolded proteins in the mitochondrial matrix is sensed by PINK1 to induce PARK2/Parkin-mediated mitophagy of polarized mitochondria.
    Authors: Jin, Seok Min, Youle, Richard
    Autophagy, 2013-09-05;9(11):1750-7.
    Species: Human
    Sample Types: Cell Lysates
    Applications: Western Blot
  21. PINK1 is degraded through the N-end rule pathway.
    Authors: Yamano, Koji, Youle, Richard
    Autophagy, 2013-04-17;9(11):1758-69.
    Species: Human
    Sample Types: Cell Lysates
    Applications: Western Blot
  22. PINK1/Parkin-mediated mitophagy is dependent on VDAC1 and p62/SQSTM1.
    Authors: Geisler S, Holmstrom KM, Skujat D, Fiesel FC, Rothfuss OC, Kahle PJ, Springer W
    Nat. Cell Biol., 2010-01-24;12(2):119-31.
    Species: Human
    Sample Types: Whole Cells
    Applications: ICC
  23. Novel mitochondrial substrates of omi indicate a new regulatory role in neurodegenerative disorders.
    Authors: Johnson F, Kaplitt MG
    PLoS ONE, 2009-09-18;4(9):e7100.
    Species: Human
    Sample Types: Cell Lysates
    Applications: Western Blot
  24. Enhanced HtrA2/Omi expression in oxidative injury to retinal pigment epithelial cells and murine models of neurodegeneration.
    Authors: Ding X, Patel M, Shen D, Herzlich AA, Cao X, Villasmil R, Klupsch K, Tuo J, Downward J, Chan CC
    Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci., 2009-05-14;50(10):4957-66.
    Species: Human, Mouse
    Sample Types: Whole Cells, Whole Tissue
    Applications: ICC, IHC-Fr
  25. Identification of a novel protein MICS1 that is involved in maintenance of mitochondrial morphology and apoptotic release of cytochrome c.
    Authors: Oka T, Sayano T, Tamai S, Yokota S, Kato H, Fujii G, Mihara K
    Mol. Biol. Cell, 2008-04-16;19(6):2597-608.
    Species: Human
    Sample Types: Whole Cells
    Applications: ICC
  26. HtrA2 regulates beta-amyloid precursor protein (APP) metabolism through endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation.
    Authors: Huttunen HJ, Guenette SY, Peach C, Greco C, Xia W, Kim DY, Barren C, Tanzi RE, Kovacs DM
    J. Biol. Chem., 2007-08-06;282(38):28285-95.
    Species: Hamster
    Sample Types: Cell Lysates, Whole Cells
    Applications: ICC, Western Blot
  27. Yersinia YopP-induced apoptotic cell death in murine dendritic cells is partially independent from action of caspases and exhibits necrosis-like features.
    Authors: Grobner S, Autenrieth SE, Soldanova I, Gunst DS, Schaller M, Bohn E, Muller S, Leverkus M, Wesselborg S, Autenrieth IB, Borgmann S
    Apoptosis, 2006-11-01;11(11):1959-68.
    Species: Mouse
    Sample Types: Cell Culture Supernates
    Applications: Western Blot
  28. Induction of BIM(EL) following growth factor withdrawal is a key event in caspase-dependent apoptosis of 661W photoreceptor cells.
    Authors: Gomez-Vicente V, Doonan F, Donovan M, Cotter TG
    Eur. J. Neurosci., 2006-08-01;24(4):981-90.
    Species: Mouse
    Sample Types: Whole Cells
    Applications: ICC
  29. Role and regulation of nodal/activin receptor-like kinase 7 signaling pathway in the control of ovarian follicular atresia.
    Authors: Wang H, Jiang JY, Zhu C, Peng C, Tsang BK
    Mol. Endocrinol., 2006-05-18;20(10):2469-82.
    Species: Rat
    Sample Types: Cell Lysates
    Applications: Western Blot
  30. Roscovitine-induced up-regulation of p53AIP1 protein precedes the onset of apoptosis in human MCF-7 breast cancer cells.
    Authors: Wesierska-Gadek J, Gueorguieva M, Horky M
    Mol. Cancer Ther., 2005-01-01;4(1):113-24.
    Species: Human
    Sample Types: Whole Cells
    Applications: ICC
  31. Motoneuron resistance to apoptotic cell death in vivo correlates with the ratio between X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis proteins (XIAPs) and its inhibitor, XIAP-associated factor 1.
    Authors: Perrelet D, Perrin FE, Liston P, Korneluk RG, MacKenzie A, Ferrer-Alcon M, Kato AC
    J. Neurosci., 2004-04-14;24(15):3777-85.
    Species: Rat
    Sample Types: Tissue Homogenates
    Applications: Western Blot
  32. The Role of Parl and HtrA2 in Striatal Neuronal Injury After Transient Global Cerebral Ischemia
    Authors: Hideyuki Yoshioka, Masataka Katsu, Hiroyuki Sakata, Nobuya Okami, Takuma Wakai, Hiroyuki Kinouchi et al.
    Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism
  33. Decreased apoptosome activity with neuronal differentiation sets the threshold for strict IAP regulation of apoptosis
    Authors: Kevin M. Wright, Michael W. Linhoff, Patrick Ryan Potts, Mohanish Deshmukh
    The Journal of Cell Biology

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