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Human GM-CSF Antibody

Catalog #: AF-215-NA
10 Citations 3 Reviews Datasheet
Catalog # Availability Size / Price Qty
AF-215-NA
AF-215-SP
Cell Proliferation Induced by GM‑CSF and Neutralization by Human GM‑CSF Antibody.
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Citations (10)
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Reviews (3)
Summary Data Examples Preparation and Storage Reconstitution Calculator Background Product Datasheets Related Research Areas

Human GM-CSF Antibody Summary

Species Reactivity
Human
Specificity
Detects human GM‑CSF in direct ELISAs and Western blots. In direct ELISAs, less than 1% cross‑reactivity with recombinant mouse GM‑CSF is observed. Neutralizes the biological activity of both recombinant human GM‑CSF and natural human GM‑CSF.
Source
Polyclonal Goat IgG
Purification
Antigen Affinity-purified
Immunogen
E. coli-derived recombinant human GM-CSF
Ala18-Glu144
Accession # P04141
Formulation
Lyophilized from a 0.2 μm filtered solution in PBS with Trehalose. *Small pack size (SP) is supplied either lyophilized or as a 0.2 µm filtered solution in PBS.
Endotoxin Level
<0.10 EU per 1 μg of the antibody by the LAL method.

Applications

Recommended Concentration
Sample
Western Blot
0.1 µg/mL
Recombinant Human GM-CSF (Catalog # 215-GM)
Neutralization
Measured by its ability to neutralize GM‑CSF-induced proliferation in the TF‑1 human erythroleukemic cell line. Kitamura, T. et al. (1989) J. Cell Physiol. 140:323. The Neutralization Dose (ND50) is typically 0.08-0.16 µg/mL in the presence of 0.5 ng/mL Recombinant Human GM‑CSF.

Please Note: Optimal dilutions should be determined by each laboratory for each application. General Protocols are available in the Technical Information section on our website.

Scientific Data

Neutralization Cell Proliferation Induced by GM‑CSF and Neutralization by Human GM‑CSF Antibody. View Larger

Cell Proliferation Induced by GM‑CSF and Neutralization by Human GM‑CSF Antibody. Recombinant Human GM-CSF (Catalog # 215-GM) stimulates proliferation in the TF-1 human erythroleukemic cell line in a dose-dependent manner (orange line). Proliferation elicited by Recombinant Human GM-CSF (0.5 ng/mL) is neutralized (green line) by increasing concentrations of Goat Anti-Human GM-CSF Antigen Affinity-purified Polyclonal Antibody (Catalog # AF-215-NA). The ND50 is typically 0.08-0.16 µg/mL.

Preparation and Storage

Reconstitution
Reconstitute at 0.2 mg/mL in sterile PBS.
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Shipping
Lyophilized product is shipped at ambient temperature. Liquid small pack size (-SP) is shipped with polar packs. Upon receipt, store immediately at the temperature recommended below.
Stability & Storage
Use a manual defrost freezer and avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
  • 12 months from date of receipt, -20 to -70 °C as supplied.
  • 1 month, 2 to 8 °C under sterile conditions after reconstitution.
  • 6 months, -20 to -70 °C under sterile conditions after reconstitution.

Background: GM-CSF

GM-CSF was initially characterized as a factor that can support the in vitro colony formation of granulocyte-macrophage progenitors. It is also a growth factor for erythroid, megakaryocyte, and eosinophil progenitors. GM-CSF is produced by a number of different cell types (including T cells, B cells, macrophages, mast cells, endothelial cells, fibroblasts, and adipocytes) in response to cytokine or inflammatory stimuli. On mature hematopoietic cells, GM-CSF is a survival factor for and activates the effector functions of granulocytes, monocytes/macrophages, and eosinophils (1, 2). GM-CSF promotes a Th1 biased immune response, angiogenesis, allergic inflammation, and the development of autoimmunity (3‑5). It shows clinical effectiveness in ameliorating chemotherapy-induced neutropenia, and GM-CSF transfected tumor cells are utilized as cancer vaccines (6, 7). The 22 kDa glycosylated GM-CSF, similar to IL-3 and IL-5, is a cytokine with a core of four bundled alpha ‑helices (8‑12). Mature human GM-CSF shares 63%‑70% amino acid sequence identity with canine, feline, porcine, and rat GM-CSF and 54% with mouse GM-CSF. GM-CSF exerts its biological effects through a heterodimeric receptor complex composed of GM-CSF R alpha /CD116 and the signal transducing common beta  chain (CD131) which is also a component of the high-affinity receptors for IL-3 and IL-5 (13, 14). In addition, GM-CSF binds a naturally occurring soluble form of GM-CSF R alpha (15). Human GM-CSF is active on canine and feline cells but not on murine cells (16‑18).

References
  1. Martinez-Moczygemba, M. and D.P. Huston (2003) J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. 112:653.
  2. Barreda, D.R. et al. (2004) Dev. Comp. Immunol. 28:509.
  3. Eksioglu, E.A. et al. (2007) Exp. Hematol. 35:1163.
  4. Cao, Y. (2007) J. Clin. Invest. 117:2362.
  5. Fleetwood, A.J. et al. (2005) Crit. Rev. Immunol. 25:405.
  6. Heuser, M. et al. (2007) Semin. Hematol. 44:148.
  7. Hege, K.M. et al. (2006) Int. Rev. Immunol. 25:321.
  8. Kaushansky, K. et al. (1992) Biochemistry 31:1881.
  9. Diederichs, K. et al. (1991) Science 254:1779. 
  10. Cantrell, M.A. et al. (1985) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 82:6250.
  11. Lee, F. et al. (1985) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 82:4360.
  12. Wong, G.G. et al. (1985) Science 228:810.
  13. Onetto-Pothier, N. et al. (1990) Blood 75:59.
  14. Hayashida, K. et al. (1990) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 87:9655.
  15. Pelley, J.L. et al. (2007) Exp. Hematol. 35:1483.
  16. Hogge, G.S. et al. (1990) Cancer Gene Ther. 6:26.
  17. Sprague, W.S. et al. (2005) J. Comp. Pathol. 133:136.
  18. Shanafelt, A.B. et al. (1991) J. Biol. Chem. 266:13804.
Long Name
Granulocyte Macrophage Growth Factor
Entrez Gene IDs
1437 (Human); 12981 (Mouse); 116630 (Rat); 397208 (Porcine); 403923 (Canine); 493805 (Feline)
Alternate Names
colony stimulating factor 2 (granulocyte-macrophage); Colony-stimulating factor; CSF; CSF2; CSF-2; GMCSF; GM-CSF; GMCSFgranulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor; granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor; MGC131935; MGC138897; Molgramostim; molgramostin; Sargramostim

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Citations for Human GM-CSF Antibody

R&D Systems personnel manually curate a database that contains references using R&D Systems products. The data collected includes not only links to publications in PubMed, but also provides information about sample types, species, and experimental conditions.

10 Citations: Showing 1 - 10
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  1. GM-CSF enhances tumor invasion by elevated MMP-2, -9, and -26 expression
    Authors: Claudia M. Gutschalk, Archana K. Yanamandra, Nina Linde, Alice Meides, Sofia Depner, Margareta M. Mueller
    Cancer Medicine
  2. Evaluation of the alpha-casein (CSN1S1) locus as a potential target for a site-specific transgene integration
    Authors: AV Smirnov, GV Kontsevaya, TA Shnaider, AM Yunusova, NA Feofanova, LA Gerlinskay, IA Serova, OL Serov, NR Battulin
    Scientific Reports, 2022-05-14;12(1):7983.
    Species: Mouse
    Sample Types: Milk, Whole Tissue
    Applications: IHC, Western Blot
  3. A digital single-molecule nanopillar SERS platform for predicting and monitoring immune toxicities in immunotherapy
    Authors: J Li, A Wuethrich, AAI Sina, HH Cheng, Y Wang, A Behren, PN Mainwaring, M Trau
    Nature Communications, 2021-02-17;12(1):1087.
    Species: Human
    Sample Types: Serum
    Applications: ELISA Capture
  4. Decidual GM-CSF is a critical common intermediate necessary for thrombin and TNF induced in-vitro fetal membrane weakening.
    Authors: Kumar D, Moore R, Nash A, Springel E, Mercer B, Philipson E, Mansour J, Moore J
    Placenta, 2014-10-12;35(12):1049-56.
    Species: Human
    Sample Types: Whole Tissue
    Applications: Neutralization
  5. Low concentrations of recombinant granulocyte macrophage-colony stimulating factor derived from Chinese hamster ovary cells augments long-term bioactivity with delayed clearance in vitro.
    Authors: Hashimoto A, Tanaka T, Itoh Y, Yamagata A, Kitamura N, Tazawa R, Nakagaki K, Nakata K
    Cytokine, 2014-05-09;68(2):118-26.
    Species: Human
    Sample Types: Whole Cells
    Applications: Neutralization
  6. Apoptotic neutrophils release macrophage migration inhibitory factor upon stimulation with tumor necrosis factor-alpha.
    Authors: Daryadel A, Grifone RF, Simon HU, Yousefi S
    J. Biol. Chem., 2006-07-21;281(37):27653-61.
    Species: Human
    Sample Types: Whole Cells
    Applications: ICC
  7. Secretory IgA induces antigen-independent eosinophil survival and cytokine production without inducing effector functions.
    Authors: Bartemes KR, Cooper KM, Drain KL, Kita H
    J. Allergy Clin. Immunol., 2005-10-01;116(4):827-35.
    Species: Human
    Sample Types: Whole Cells
    Applications: Neutralization
  8. Toxoplasma gondii induces granulocyte colony-stimulating factor and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor secretion by human fibroblasts: implications for neutrophil apoptosis.
    Authors: Channon JY, Miselis KA, Minns LA, Dutta C, Kasper LH
    Infect. Immun., 2002-11-01;70(11):6048-57.
    Species: Human
    Sample Types: Whole Cells
    Applications: Neutralization
  9. Bleomycin stimulates lung fibroblast and epithelial cell lines to release eosinophil chemotactic activity.
    Authors: Sato E, Koyama S
    Eur. Respir. J., 2000-11-01;16(5):951-8.
    Species: Human
    Sample Types: Whole Cells
    Applications: Neutralization
  10. Human neutrophils depend on extrinsic factors produced by monocytes for their survival response to TLR4 stimulation
    Authors: Shuvasree SenGupta, Madhavi J Rane, Silvia M Uriarte, Cassandra Woolley, Thomas C Mitchell
    Innate Immunity

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Reviews for Human GM-CSF Antibody

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Human GM-CSF Antibody
By Anonymous on 10/01/2021
Application: Immunocytochemistry/Immunofluorescence Sample Tested: Melanoma tissue Species: Human
Immunocytochemistry/Immunofluorescence Human GM-CSF Antibody AF-215-NA
Human GM-CSF Antibody
By Stephanie Zandee on 03/27/2018
Application: IHC Sample Tested: Adult brain Species: Human
Immunohistochemistry Human GM-CSF Antibody AF-215-NA
Human GM-CSF Antibody
By Anonymous on 07/01/2016
Application: WB Sample Tested: Recombinant GM-CSF Species: Human
Western Blot Human GM-CSF Antibody AF-215-NA