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Human GDF-15 Antibody

Catalog #: AF957
13 Citations 2 Reviews Datasheet
Catalog # Availability Size / Price Qty
AF957
AF957-SP
Detection of Human GDF‑15 by Western Blot.
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Product Details
Citations (13)
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Supplemental Products
Reviews (2)
Summary Data Examples Preparation and Storage Reconstitution Calculator Background Product Datasheets Related Research Areas

Human GDF-15 Antibody Summary

Species Reactivity
Human
Specificity
Detects human GDF-15 in direct ELISAs and Western blots. In direct ELISAs and Western blots, approximately 65% cross-reactivity with recombinant mouse (rm) GDF-15 is observed, and less than 1% cross-reactivity with rmGDF‑1, rmGDF-3, and rmGDF-11 is observed.
Source
Polyclonal Goat IgG
Purification
Antigen Affinity-purified
Immunogen
Chinese hamster ovary cell line CHO-derived recombinant human GDF-15
Ala197-Ile308
Accession # Q99988
Formulation
Lyophilized from a 0.2 μm filtered solution in PBS with Trehalose. *Small pack size (SP) is supplied either lyophilized or as a 0.2 µm filtered solution in PBS.
Label
Unconjugated

Applications

Recommended Concentration
Sample
Western Blot
0.5 µg/mL
See below
Simple Western
5 µg/mL
See below

Please Note: Optimal dilutions should be determined by each laboratory for each application. General Protocols are available in the Technical Information section on our website.

Scientific Data

Western Blot Detection of Human GDF-15 antibody by Western Blot. View Larger

Detection of Human GDF‑15 by Western Blot. Western blot shows lysate of HT1080 human fibrosarcoma cell line. PVDF membrane was probed with 0.5 µg/mL of Goat Anti-Human GDF-15 Antigen Affinity-purified Polyclonal Antibody (Catalog # AF957) followed by HRP-conjugated Anti-Goat IgG Secondary Antibody (Catalog # HAF017). A specific band was detected for GDF-15 at approximately 35 kDa (as indicated). This experiment was conducted under reducing conditions and using Immunoblot Buffer Group 1.

Simple Western Detection of Human GDF-15 antibody by Simple Western<sup>TM</sup>. View Larger

Detection of Human GDF‑15 by Simple WesternTM. Simple Western lane view shows lysate of HT1080 human fibrosarcoma cell line, loaded at 0.2 mg/mL. A specific band was detected for GDF-15 at approximately 47 kDa (as indicated) using 5 µg/mL of Goat Anti-Human GDF-15 Antigen Affinity-purified Polyclonal Antibody (Catalog # AF957) followed by 1:50 dilution of HRP-conjugated Anti-Goat IgG Secondary Antibody (Catalog # HAF109). This experiment was conducted under reducing conditions and using the 12-230 kDa separation system.

Western Blot Detection of Human GDF-15 by Western Blot View Larger

Detection of Human GDF-15 by Western Blot Upregulation of GDF-15 by hypoxia in endothelial cells. Human pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells (HPMEC) were subjected to hypoxia for various time periods (2 h to 24 h). The mRNA and protein levels of GDF-15 (secreted form) were determined either by quantitative RT-PCR (panel A), immunoradiometric sandwich assay - IRMA (panel B) or Western Blot analysis (panel C). Hypoxia increased GDF-15 expression in a time dependent manner, which was initially detected after 2 hours on mRNA level and after 4 hours on protein level. Data from n = 4 each group are shown as mean ± SD. *p < 0.05 compared to control. Image collected and cropped by CiteAb from the following open publication (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21548946), licensed under a CC-BY license. Not internally tested by R&D Systems.

Western Blot Detection of Human GDF-15 by Western Blot View Larger

Detection of Human GDF-15 by Western Blot Upregulation of GDF-15 by hypoxia in endothelial cells. Human pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells (HPMEC) were subjected to hypoxia for various time periods (2 h to 24 h). The mRNA and protein levels of GDF-15 (secreted form) were determined either by quantitative RT-PCR (panel A), immunoradiometric sandwich assay - IRMA (panel B) or Western Blot analysis (panel C). Hypoxia increased GDF-15 expression in a time dependent manner, which was initially detected after 2 hours on mRNA level and after 4 hours on protein level. Data from n = 4 each group are shown as mean ± SD. *p < 0.05 compared to control. Image collected and cropped by CiteAb from the following open publication (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21548946), licensed under a CC-BY license. Not internally tested by R&D Systems.

Preparation and Storage

Reconstitution
Reconstitute at 0.2 mg/mL in sterile PBS.
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Shipping
Lyophilized product is shipped at ambient temperature. Liquid small pack size (-SP) is shipped with polar packs. Upon receipt, store immediately at the temperature recommended below.
Stability & Storage
Use a manual defrost freezer and avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
  • 12 months from date of receipt, -20 to -70 °C as supplied.
  • 1 month, 2 to 8 °C under sterile conditions after reconstitution.
  • 6 months, -20 to -70 °C under sterile conditions after reconstitution.

Background: GDF-15

Growth Differentiation Factor 15 (GDF-15), also called Macrophage inhibitory cytokine-1 (MIC-1), placental transforming growth factor-beta, prostate-derived factor, and placental bone morphogenetic protein, is a divergent member of the transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta ) superfamily. GDF-15 is highly expressed in placenta and is expressed at lower levels in kidney, pancreas, prostate and colon. It is also widely expressed in brain. Similar to other TGF-beta family proteins, GDF-15 is synthesized as a large precursor protein that is cleaved at the dibasic cleavage site (RXXR) to release the carboxy-terminal domain. The carboxy-terminal domain of GDF-15 contains the characteristic seven conserved cysteine residues necessary for the formation of the cysteine knot and the single interchain disulfide bond. Furthermore, the carboxy-terminal domain contains two additional cysteine residues that form a fourth intrachain disulfide bond. Biologically active GDF-15 is a disulfide-linked homodimer of the carboxy-terminal 112 amino acid residues. Mature human GDF-15 shares 66.1% and 68.7% amino acid sequence similarity with rat and mouse GDF-15, respectively, which are remarkably low homologies between species in TGF-beta superfamily. GDF-15 has been shown to have various functions, including inhibition of production of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha ) from lipopolysaccharide-stimulated macrophages, induction of cartilage formation, early-stage endochonadal bone formation, and promotion of neuronal survival.

References
  1. Bootcov, M.R. et al. (1997) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 94:11514.
  2. Böttner, M. et al. (1999) Gene 237:105.
  3. Fairlie, W.D. et al. (1998) J. Leukoc. Biol 65:2.
  4. Fairlie, W.D. et al. (2001) J B.C 20:16911.
  5. Bauskin, A.R. et al. (2000) EMBO J. 19:2212.
  6. Strelau, J. et al. (2000) J. Neurosci. 20:8597.
  7. Schober, A. et al. (2001) J. Comp. Neurol. 439:32.
Long Name
Growth Differentiation Factor 15
Entrez Gene IDs
9518 (Human); 23886 (Mouse); 29455 (Rat)
Alternate Names
GDF15; GDF-15; growth differentiation factor 15; growth/differentiation factor 15; Macrophage inhibitory cytokine 1; MIC-1; MIC-1NSAID-activated gene 1 protein; MIC1Prostate differentiation factor; NAG-1; NAG-1NSAID-regulated gene 1 protein; NSAID (nonsteroidal inflammatory drug)-activated protein 1; PDF; PDFGDF-15; PLAB; PLABNRG-1; Placental bone morphogenetic protein; Placental TGF-beta; PTGF-beta; PTGFBPTGF-beta

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Citations for Human GDF-15 Antibody

R&D Systems personnel manually curate a database that contains references using R&D Systems products. The data collected includes not only links to publications in PubMed, but also provides information about sample types, species, and experimental conditions.

13 Citations: Showing 1 - 10
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  1. MAP3K11/GDF15 axis is a critical driver of cancer cachexia
    Authors: Lorena Lerner, Julie Tao, Qing Liu, Richard Nicoletti, Bin Feng, Brian Krieger et al.
    Journal of Cachexia, Sarcopenia and Muscle
  2. Activity of Combined Androgen Receptor Antagonism and Cell Cycle Inhibition in Androgen Receptor Positive Triple Negative Breast Cancer
    Authors: Jessica L. Christenson, Kathleen I. O'Neill, Michelle M. Williams, Nicole S. Spoelstra, Kenneth L. Jones, G. Devon Trahan et al.
    Molecular Cancer Therapeutics
  3. GDF-15 is abundantly expressed in plexiform lesions in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension and affects proliferation and apoptosis of pulmonary endothelial cells.
    Authors: Nickel N, Jonigk D, Kempf T et al.
    Respir Res.
  4. GPX3 supports ovarian cancer tumor progression in vivo and promotes expression of GDF15
    Authors: Chang, C;Cheng, YY;Kamlapurkar, S;White, SR;Tang, PW;Elhaw, AT;Javed, Z;Aird, KM;Mythreye, K;Phaëton, R;Hempel, N;
    bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology
    Species: Human
    Sample Types: Cell Lysates
    Applications: Western Blot
  5. Growth and differentiation factor 15 and NF-&kapppaB expression in benign prostatic biopsies and risk of subsequent prostate cancer detection
    Authors: BA Rybicki, SM Sadasivan, Y Chen, O Kravtsov, W Palangmont, K Arora, NS Gupta, S Williamson, K Bobbitt, DA Chitale, D Tang, AG Rundle, KA Iczkowski
    Cancer Medicine, 2021-03-30;0(0):.
    Species: Human
    Sample Types: Whole Tissue
    Applications: IHC
  6. An autocrine/paracrine circuit of growth differentiation factor (GDF) 15 has a role for maintenance of breast cancer stem-like cells
    Authors: A Sasahara, K Tominaga, T Nishimura, M Yano, E Kiyokawa, M Noguchi, M Noguchi, H Kanauchi, T Ogawa, H Minato, K Tada, Y Seto, A Tojo, N Gotoh
    Oncotarget, 2017-04-11;8(15):24869-24881.
    Species: Human
    Sample Types: Whole Cells
    Applications: Neutralization
  7. Panel of three novel serum markers predicts liver stiffness and fibrosis stages in patients with chronic liver disease
    Authors: M Krawczyk, S Zimmermann, G Hess, R Holz, M Dauer, J Raedle, F Lammert, F Grünhage
    PLoS ONE, 2017-03-16;12(3):e0173506.
    Species: Human
    Sample Types: Serum
    Applications: ELISA Development
  8. Growth Differentiation Factor-15-Induced Contractile Activity and Extracellular Matrix Production in Human Trabecular Meshwork Cells
    Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci, 2016-12-01;57(15):6482-6495.
    Species: Human
    Sample Types: Whole Tissue
    Applications: IHC-P
  9. Anti-tumoral effects of miR-3189-3p in glioblastoma.
    Authors: Jeansonne D, DeLuca M, Marrero L, Lassak A, Pacifici M, Wyczechowska D, Wilk A, Reiss K, Peruzzi F
    J Biol Chem, 2015-02-02;290(13):8067-80.
    Species: Human
    Sample Types: Cell Lysates
    Applications: Western Blot
  10. Identification of macrophage inhibitory cytokine-1 in adipose tissue and its secretion as an adipokine by human adipocytes.
    Authors: Ding Q, Mracek T, Gonzalez-Muniesa P, Kos K, Wilding J, Trayhurn P, Bing C
    Endocrinology, 2008-12-12;150(4):1688-96.
    Species: Human
    Sample Types: Cell Lysates
    Applications: Western Blot
  11. Prognostic value of growth-differentiation factor-15 in patients with non-ST-elevation acute coronary syndrome.
    Authors: Wollert KC, Kempf T, Peter T, Olofsson S, James S, Johnston N, Lindahl B, Horn-Wichmann R, Brabant G, Simoons ML, Armstrong PW, Califf RM, Drexler H, Wallentin L
    Circulation, 2007-02-05;115(8):962-71.
    Species: Human
    Sample Types: Serum
    Applications: ELISA Development
  12. Reduced expression of GDF-15 is associated with atrophic inflammatory lesions of the prostate
    Authors: James R. Lambert, Ramon J. Whitson, Kenneth A. Iczkowski, Francisco G. La Rosa, Maxwell L. Smith, R. Storey Wilson et al.
    The Prostate
  13. Identification of a novel ER-NFĸB-driven stem-like cell population associated with relapse of ER+ breast tumors
    Authors: Svetlana E. Semina, Luis H. Alejo, Shivani Chopra, Nidhi S. Kansara, Irida Kastrati, Carol A. Sartorius et al.
    Breast Cancer Research

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Human GDF-15 Antibody
By Anonymous on 07/08/2020
Application: ELISA Sample Tested: Recombinant protein Species: Human
ELISA Human GDF-15 Antibody AF957
Human GDF-15 Antibody
By Balaji Mahender on 12/20/2017
Application: ELISA Sample Tested: EDTA Plasma Species: Human