Human CD44s Pan Specific PE‑conjugated Antibody Summary
Applications
Please Note: Optimal dilutions should be determined by each laboratory for each application. General Protocols are available in the Technical Information section on our website.
Scientific Data
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Detection of CD44 in Human Blood Monocytes by Flow Cytometry. Human peripheral blood monocytes were stained with Mouse Anti-Human CD44s Pan Specific PE-conjugated Monoclonal Antibody (Catalog # FAB4948P, filled histogram) or isotype control antibody (Catalog # IC003P, open histogram). View our protocol for Staining Membrane-associated Proteins.
Preparation and Storage
- 12 months from date of receipt, 2 to 8 °C as supplied.
Background: CD44
CD44 is a ubiquitously expressed protein that is the major receptor for hyaluronan and exerts control over cell growth and migration (1-3). Human CD44 has a 20 amino acid (aa) signal sequence, an extracellular domain (ECD) with a 100 aa hyaluronan-binding disulfide-stabilized link region and a 325-530 aa stem region, a 21 aa transmembrane domain, and a 72 aa cytoplasmic domain. Within the stem, ten variably spliced exons (v1-10, exons 6-15) produce multiple protein isoforms (1‑3). The standard or hematopoietic form, CD44s, does not include the variable segments (1‑3). Cancer aggressiveness and T cell activation have been correlated with expression of specific isoforms (1, 3). With variable N- and O-glycosylation and splicing within the stalk, CD44 can range from 80-200 kDa (1). Within the N‑terminal invariant portion of the ECD (aa 21-220), human CD44 shares 76%, 76%, 86%, 83%, and 79% identity with corresponding mouse, rat, equine, canine, and bovine CD44, respectively. The many reported functions of CD44 fall within three categories (1). First, CD44 binds hyaluronan and other ligands within the extracellular matrix and can function as a “platform” for growth factors and metalloproteinases. Second, CD44 can function as a co-receptor that modifies activity of receptors including MET and the ERBB family of tyrosine kinases. Third, the CD44 intracellular domain links the plasma membrane to the actin cytoskeleton via the ERM proteins, ezrin, radixin and moesin. CD44 can be synthesized in a soluble form (4) or may be cleaved at multiple sites by either membrane-type matrix metalloproteinases, or ADAM proteases to produce soluble ectodomains (5, 6). The cellular portion may then undergo gamma secretase-dependent intramembrane cleavage to form an A beta -like transmembrane portion and a cytoplasmic signaling portion that affects gene expression (7, 8). These cleavage events are thought to promote metastasis by enhancing tumor cell motility and growth (1, 5).
- Ponta, H. et al. (2003) Nat. Rev. Mol. Cell Biol. 4:33.
- Screaton, G.R. et al. (1992) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 89:12160.
- Lynch, K.W. (2004) Nat. Rev. Immunol. 4:931.
- Yu, Q. and B.P. Toole (1996) J. Biol. Chem. 271:20603.
- Nagano, O. and H. Saya (2004) Cancer Sci. 95:930.
- Nakamura, H. et al. (2004) Cancer Res. 64:876.
- Murakami, D. et al. (2003) Oncogene 22:1511.
- Lammich, S. et al. (2002) J. Biol. Chem. 277:44754.
Product Datasheets
Citations for Human CD44s Pan Specific PE‑conjugated Antibody
R&D Systems personnel manually curate a database that contains references using R&D Systems products. The data collected includes not only links to publications in PubMed, but also provides information about sample types, species, and experimental conditions.
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Physiologic expansion of human heart-derived cells enhances therapeutic repair of injured myocardium
Authors: S Mount, P Kanda, S Parent, S Khan, C Michie, L Davila, V Chan, RA Davies, H Haddad, D Courtman, DJ Stewart, DR Davis
Stem Cell Res Ther, 2019-11-04;10(1):316.
Species: Human
Sample Types: Whole Cells
Applications: Flow Cytometry -
Metformin reveals a mitochondrial copper addiction of mesenchymal cancer cells
Authors: S Müller, A Versini, F Sindikubwa, G Belthier, S Niyomchon, J Pannequin, L Grimaud, T Cañeque, R Rodriguez
PLoS ONE, 2018-11-06;13(11):e0206764.
Species: Human
Sample Types: Whole Cells
Applications: Flow Cytometry
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