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Human CCL4/MIP-1 beta Antibody

Catalog #: AF-271-NA
14 Citations 1 Review Datasheet
Catalog # Availability Size / Price Qty
AF-271-NA
AF-271-SP
Chemotaxis Induced by CCL4/MIP‑1 beta and Neutral-ization by Human CCL4/MIP‑1 beta Antibody.
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Citations (14)
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Reviews (1)
Summary Data Examples Preparation and Storage Reconstitution Calculator Background Product Datasheets Related Research Areas

Human CCL4/MIP-1 beta Antibody Summary

Species Reactivity
Human
Specificity
Detects human CCL4/MIP-1 beta in direct ELISAs and Western blots.
Source
Polyclonal Goat IgG
Purification
Antigen Affinity-purified
Immunogen
S. frugiperda insect ovarian cell line Sf 21-derived recombinant human CCL4/MIP-1 beta
Formulation
Lyophilized from a 0.2 μm filtered solution in PBS with Trehalose. *Small pack size (SP) is supplied either lyophilized or as a 0.2 µm filtered solution in PBS.
Endotoxin Level
<0.10 EU per 1 μg of the antibody by the LAL method.
Label
Unconjugated

Applications

Recommended Concentration
Sample
Western Blot
0.1 µg/mL
Recombinant Human CCL4/MIP‑1 beta (Catalog # 271-BME)
Immunohistochemistry
5-15 µg/mL
See below
Immunocytochemistry
5-15 µg/mL
See below
Neutralization
Measured by its ability to neutralize CCL4/MIP‑1 beta -induced chemotaxis in the BaF3 mouse pro‑B cell line transfected with human CCR5. The Neutralization Dose (ND50) is typically 0.3-1.5 µg/mL in the presence of 40 ng/mL Recombinant Human CCL4/MIP‑1 beta.

Please Note: Optimal dilutions should be determined by each laboratory for each application. General Protocols are available in the Technical Information section on our website.

Scientific Data

Neutralization Chemotaxis Induced by CCL4/MIP‑1 beta and Neutral-ization by Human CCL4/MIP‑1 beta Antibody. View Larger

Chemotaxis Induced by CCL4/MIP‑1 beta and Neutral-ization by Human CCL4/MIP‑1 beta Antibody. Recombinant Human CCL4/MIP-1 beta (271-BME) chemoattracts the BaF3 mouse pro-B cell line transfected with human CCR5 in a dose-dependent manner (orange line). The amount of cells that migrated through to the lower chemotaxis chamber was measured by Resazurin (AR002). Chemotaxis elicited by Recombinant Human CCL4/MIP-1 beta (40 ng/mL) is neutralized (green line) by increasing concentrations of Goat Anti-Human CCL4/MIP-1 beta Antigen Affinity-purified Polyclonal Antibody (Catalog # AF-271-NA). The ND50 is typically 0.3-1.5 µg/mL.

Immunohistochemistry CCL4/MIP-1 beta antibody in Human Alzheimer's Disease Brain by Immunohistochemistry (IHC-P). View Larger

CCL4/MIP‑1 beta in Human Alzheimer's Disease Brain. CCL4/MIP-1 beta was detected in immersion fixed paraffin-embedded sections of human Alzheimer's disease brain (hippocampus) using 15 µg/mL Goat Anti-Human CCL4/MIP-1 beta Antigen Affinity-purified Polyclonal Antibody (Catalog # AF-271-NA) overnight at 4 °C. Tissue was stained with the Anti-Goat HRP-AEC Cell & Tissue Staining Kit (red; CTS009) and counterstained with hematoxylin (blue). View our protocol for Chromogenic IHC Staining of Paraffin-embedded Tissue Sections.

Immunocytochemistry CCL4/MIP-1 beta antibody in Human PBMCs by Immunocytochemistry (ICC). View Larger

CCL4/MIP‑1 beta in Human PBMCs. CCL4/MIP-1 beta was detected in immersion fixed human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) stimulated with PHA and monensin using Goat Anti-Human CCL4/MIP-1 beta Antigen Affinity-purified Polyclonal Antibody (Catalog # AF-271-NA) at 10 µg/mL for 3 hours at room temperature. Cells were stained using the NorthernLights™ 557-conjugated Anti-Goat IgG Secondary Antibody (yellow; NL001) and counterstained with DAPI (blue). View our protocol for Fluorescent ICC Staining of Non-adherent Cells.

Preparation and Storage

Reconstitution
Reconstitute at 0.2 mg/mL in sterile PBS.
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Shipping
Lyophilized product is shipped at ambient temperature. Liquid small pack size (-SP) is shipped with polar packs. Upon receipt, store immediately at the temperature recommended below.
Stability & Storage
Use a manual defrost freezer and avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
  • 12 months from date of receipt, -20 to -70 °C as supplied.
  • 1 month, 2 to 8 °C under sterile conditions after reconstitution.
  • 6 months, -20 to -70 °C under sterile conditions after reconstitution.

Background: CCL4/MIP-1 beta

CCL4/MIP-1 beta is a beta chemokine that is secreted at sites of inflammation by activated leukocytes, lymphocytes, vascular endothelial cells, and pulmonary smooth muscle cells. It attracts a variety of immune cells to sites of microbial infection as well as to other pathologic inflammation such as allergic asthma and ischemic myocardium. CCL4 is secreted from activated monocytes as a heterodimer with CCL3/MIP-1 alpha. It signals through CCR5, and an N-terminally trimmed form additionally interacts with CCR1 and CCR2. In humans, the ability of CCL4 to bind CCR5 inhibits the cellular entry of M-tropic HIV-1 which utilizes CCR5 as a coreceptor.

Entrez Gene IDs
6351 (Human); 20303 (Mouse); 116637 (Rat); 448786 (Canine); 102117861 (Cynomolgus Monkey)
Alternate Names
ACT2; ACT-2; AT744.1; C-C motif chemokine 4; CCL4; chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 4; Exodus-3; G-26 T-lymphocyte-secreted protein; G-26; HC21; LAG1; LAG-1; Lymphocyte activation gene 1 protein; Macrophage inflammatory protein 1-beta; MIP1 beta; MIP-1 beta; MIP1B; MIP1B1; MIP-1-beta; MIP-1-beta(1-69); PAT 744; Protein H400; SCYA2; SCYA4; secreted protein G-26; SIS-gamma; small inducible cytokine A4 (homologous to mouse Mip-1b); Small-inducible cytokine A4; T-cell activation protein 2

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Citations for Human CCL4/MIP-1 beta Antibody

R&D Systems personnel manually curate a database that contains references using R&D Systems products. The data collected includes not only links to publications in PubMed, but also provides information about sample types, species, and experimental conditions.

14 Citations: Showing 1 - 10
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  1. Household Contacts of Leprosy Patients in Endemic Areas Display a Specific Innate Immunity Profile
    Authors: Anouk van Hooij, Maria Tió-Coma, Els M. Verhard, Marufa Khatun, Khorshed Alam, Elisa Tjon Kon Fat et al.
    Frontiers in Immunology
  2. Epithelium-innate immune cell axis in mucosal responses to SIV
    Authors: Shang L, Duan L, Perkey KE et al.
    Mucosal Immunol
  3. Chemokines and chemokine receptors expression in the lesions of patients with American cutaneous leishmaniasis
    Authors: Nilka Luisa Díaz, Olga Zerpa, Félix Jacobo Tapia
    Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz
  4. Evaluation of Immunodiagnostic Tests for Leprosy in Brazil, China and Ethiopia
    Authors: A van Hooij, EM Tjon Kon F, M Batista da, R Carvalho B, AC Cunha Mess, AR Gobbo, T Lema, K Bobosha, J Li, X Weng, CG Salgado, JS Spencer, PLAM Corstjens, A Geluk
    Sci Rep, 2018-12-18;8(1):17920.
    Species: Human
    Sample Types: Whole Cells
    Applications: Lateral Flow
  5. An initial investigation into endothelial CC chemokine expression in the human rheumatoid synovium.
    Authors: Rump L, Mattey D, Kehoe O, Middleton J
    Cytokine, 2017-09-01;97(0):133-140.
    Species: Human
    Sample Types: Whole Tissue
    Applications: IHC-Fr
  6. Increased Levels of Macrophage Inflammatory Proteins Result in Resistance to R5-Tropic HIV-1 in a Subset of Elite Controllers.
    Authors: Walker W, Kurscheid S, Joshi S, Lopez C, Goh G, Choi M, Barakat L, Francis J, Fisher A, Kozal M, Zapata H, Shaw A, Lifton R, Sutton R, Fikrig E
    J Virol, 2015-03-04;89(10):5502-14.
    Species: Human
    Sample Types: Whole Cells
    Applications: Neutralization
  7. NK cell responses to simian immunodeficiency virus vaginal exposure in naive and vaccinated rhesus macaques.
    Authors: Shang L, Smith A, Duan L, Perkey K, Qu L, Wietgrefe S, Zupancic M, Southern P, Masek-Hammerman K, Reeves R, Johnson R, Haase A
    J Immunol, 2014-06-04;193(1):277-84.
    Species: Primate - Macaca mulatta (Rhesus Macaque)
    Sample Types: Whole Tissue
    Applications: IHC
  8. A novel p38-MAPK signaling axis modulates neutrophil biology in head and neck cancer.
    Authors: Dumitru CA, Fechner MK, Hoffmann TK
    J. Leukoc. Biol., 2012-01-18;91(4):591-8.
    Species: Human
    Sample Types: Whole Cells
    Applications: ICC
  9. Villitis of unknown etiology is associated with a distinct pattern of chemokine up-regulation in the feto-maternal and placental compartments: implications for conjoint maternal allograft rejection and maternal anti-fetal graft-versus-host disease.
    Authors: Kim MJ, Romero R, Kim CJ, Tarca AL, Chhauy S, LaJeunesse C, Lee DC, Draghici S, Gotsch F, Kusanovic JP, Hassan SS, Kim JS
    J. Immunol., 2009-03-15;182(6):3919-27.
    Species: Human
    Sample Types: Whole Tissue
    Applications: IHC-Fr
  10. Intestinal neuro-epithelial interactions modulate neuronal chemokines production.
    Authors: Tixier E, Galmiche JP, Neunlist M
    Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun., 2006-04-04;344(2):554-61.
    Species: Human
    Sample Types: Whole Cells
    Applications: ICC, Neutralization
  11. The beta chemokines CCL4 and CCL5 enhance adhesion of specific CD4+ T cell subsets to human brain endothelial cells.
    Authors: Quandt J, Dorovini-Zis K
    J. Neuropathol. Exp. Neurol., 2004-04-01;63(4):350-62.
    Species: Human
    Sample Types: Whole Cells
    Applications: ICC
  12. Simian immunodeficiency viruses with defective nef genes show increased susceptibility to the noncytotoxic antiviral activity of CD8+ lymphocytes.
    Authors: Binninger-Schinzel D, 2019, Norley S, Adler HS, Oberg HH, Kurth R
    2002-03-01;294(1):209-21.
    Species: Human
    Sample Types: Whole Cells
    Applications: Neutralization
  13. Low CCR5 expression protects HIV-specific CD4+ T cells of elite controllers from viral entry
    Authors: Mathieu Claireaux, Rémy Robinot, Jérôme Kervevan, Mandar Patgaonkar, Isabelle Staropoli, Anne Brelot et al.
    Nature Communications
  14. Single-Cell RNA Sequencing of Microglia throughout the Mouse Lifespan and in the Injured Brain Reveals Complex Cell-State Changes
    Authors: Timothy R. Hammond, Connor Dufort, Lasse Dissing-Olesen, Stefanie Giera, Adam Young, Alec Wysoker et al.
    Immunity

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Human CCL4/MIP-1 beta Antibody
By Anonymous on 08/19/2019
Application: ELISA Sample Tested: Serum Species: Human
ELISA Human CCL4/MIP-1 beta Antibody AF-271-NA