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Feline GM-CSF Antibody

Catalog #: AF987
2 Citations Datasheet
Catalog # Availability Size / Price Qty
AF987
AF987-SP
Cell Proliferation Induced by GM‑CSF and Neutralization by Feline GM‑CSF Antibody.
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Citations (2)
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Feline GM-CSF Antibody Summary

Species Reactivity
Feline
Specificity
Detects feline GM‑CSF in direct ELISAs and Western blots. In direct ELISAs, approximately 40% cross-reactivity with recombinant mouse GM-CSF, recombinant rat GM-CSF, and recombinant human GM-CSF is observed.
Source
Polyclonal Goat IgG
Purification
Antigen Affinity-purified
Immunogen
E. coli-derived recombinant feline GM-CSF
Formulation
Lyophilized from a 0.2 μm filtered solution in PBS with Trehalose. *Small pack size (SP) is supplied either lyophilized or as a 0.2 µm filtered solution in PBS.
Endotoxin Level
<0.10 EU per 1 μg of the antibody by the LAL method.
Label
Unconjugated

Applications

Recommended Concentration
Sample
Western Blot
0.1 µg/mL
Recombinant Feline GM-CSF (Catalog # 987-FL)
Neutralization
Measured by its ability to neutralize GM‑CSF-induced proliferation in the TF‑1 human erythroleukemic cell line. Kitamura, T. et al. (1989) J. Cell Physiol. 140:323. The Neutralization Dose (ND50) is typically 0.5-2.0 µg/mL in the presence of 50 ng/mL Recombinant Feline GM‑CSF.

Please Note: Optimal dilutions should be determined by each laboratory for each application. General Protocols are available in the Technical Information section on our website.

Scientific Data

Neutralization Cell Proliferation Induced by GM‑CSF and Neutralization by Feline GM‑CSF Antibody. View Larger

Cell Proliferation Induced by GM‑CSF and Neutralization by Feline GM‑CSF Antibody. Recombinant Feline GM-CSF (Catalog # 987-FL) stimulates proliferation in the TF-1 human erythroleukemic cell line in a dose-dependent manner (orange line). Proliferation elicited by Recombinant Feline GM-CSF (50 ng/mL) is neutralized (green line) by increasing concen-trations of Goat Anti-Feline GM-CSF Antigen Affinity-purified Polyclonal Antibody (Catalog # AF987). The ND50 is typically 0.5-2.0 µg/mL.

Preparation and Storage

Reconstitution
Reconstitute at 0.2 mg/mL in sterile PBS.
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Shipping
Lyophilized product is shipped at ambient temperature. Liquid small pack size (-SP) is shipped with polar packs. Upon receipt, store immediately at the temperature recommended below.
Stability & Storage
Use a manual defrost freezer and avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
  • 12 months from date of receipt, -20 to -70 °C as supplied.
  • 1 month, 2 to 8 °C under sterile conditions after reconstitution.
  • 6 months, -20 to -70 °C under sterile conditions after reconstitution.

Background: GM-CSF

GM-CSF was initially characterized as a factor that can support the in vitro colony formation of granulocyte-macrophage progenitors. It is also a growth factor for erythroid, megakaryocyte, and eosinophil progenitors. GM-CSF is produced by a number of different cell types (including T cells, B cells, macrophages, mast cells, endothelial cells, fibroblasts, and adipocytes) in response to cytokine or inflammatory stimuli. On mature hematopoietic cells, GM-CSF is a survival factor for and activates the effector functions of granulocytes, monocytes/macrophages, and eosinophils (1, 2). GM-CSF promotes a Th1 biased immune response, angiogenesis, allergic inflammation, and the development of autoimmunity (3‑5). It shows clinical effectiveness in ameliorating chemotherapy-induced neutropenia, and GM-CSF transfected tumor cells are utilized as cancer vaccines (6, 7). The 22 kDa glycosylated GM-CSF, similar to IL-3 and IL-5, is a cytokine with a core of four bundled alpha ‑helices (8‑10). Mature feline GM-CSF shares 52%‑56% amino acid sequence identity with mouse and rat GM-CSF and 67%‑72% canine, human, and porcine GM‑CSF. GM-CSF exerts its biological effects through a heterodimeric receptor complex composed of GM-CSF R alpha /CD116 and the signal transducing common beta  chain (CD131) which is also a component of the high-affinity receptors for IL-3 and IL-5 (11, 12). In addition, GM-CSF binds a naturally occurring soluble form of GM-CSF R alpha (13). Feline and human GM-CSF show cross-species activity (14, 15).

References
  1. Martinez-Moczygemba, M. and D.P. Huston (2003) J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. 112:653. 
  2. Barreda, D.R. et al. (2004) Dev. Comp. Immunol. 28:509. 
  3. Eksioglu, E.A. et al. (2007) Exp. Hematol. 35:1163. 
  4. Cao, Y. (2007) J. Clin. Invest. 117:2362. 
  5. Fleetwood, A.J. et al. (2005) Crit. Rev. Immunol. 25:405. 
  6. Heuser, M. et al. (2007) Semin. Hematol. 44:148. 
  7. Hege, K.M. et al. (2006) Int. Rev. Immunol. 25:321. 
  8. Kaushansky, K. et al. (1992) Biochemistry 31:1881.
  9. Diederichs, K. et al. (1991) Science 254:1779.
  10. Dunham, S.P. and J. Bruce (2004) Gene 332:97.
  11. Onetto-Pothier, N. et al. (1990) Blood 75:59.
  12. Hayashida, K. et al. (1990) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 87:9655.
  13. Pelley, J.L. et al. (2007) Exp. Hematol. 35:1483.
  14. Sprague, W.S. et al. (2005) J. Comp. Pathol. 133:136.
  15. Dunham, S.P. and J. Bruce (2004) Gene 332:97.
Long Name
Granulocyte Macrophage Growth Factor
Entrez Gene IDs
1437 (Human); 12981 (Mouse); 116630 (Rat); 397208 (Porcine); 403923 (Canine); 493805 (Feline)
Alternate Names
colony stimulating factor 2 (granulocyte-macrophage); Colony-stimulating factor; CSF; CSF2; CSF-2; GMCSF; GM-CSF; GMCSFgranulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor; granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor; MGC131935; MGC138897; Molgramostim; molgramostin; Sargramostim

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Citations for Feline GM-CSF Antibody

R&D Systems personnel manually curate a database that contains references using R&D Systems products. The data collected includes not only links to publications in PubMed, but also provides information about sample types, species, and experimental conditions.

2 Citations: Showing 1 - 2
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  1. Vaccination with vif-deleted feline immunodeficiency virus provirus, GM-CSF, and TNF-alpha plasmids preserves global CD4 T lymphocyte function after challenge with FIV.
    Authors: Maksaereekul S, Dubie RA, Shen X, Kieu H, Dean GA, Sparger EE
    Vaccine, 2009-04-17;27(28):3754-65.
    Species: Feline
    Sample Types: Cell Lysates
    Applications: Western Blot
  2. Isolation, expression and bioactivity of feline granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor.
    Authors: Dunham SP, Bruce J
    Gene, 2004-05-12;332(0):97-106.
    Species: Feline
    Sample Types: Recombinant Protein
    Applications: Western Blot

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