Canine IL-21 Alexa Fluor® 647-conjugated Antibody

Applications

Please Note: Optimal dilutions should be determined by each laboratory for each application. General Protocols are available in the Technical Information section on our website.

Preparation and Storage

Background: IL-21

Interleukin-21 (IL-21) is a 14 kDa (predicted) four-helix-bundle cytokine and member of the IL-15/IL-21 family. It is made by activated CD4⁺ T cells, activated NKT cells, T helper (Th) cells, and Th17 cells (1‑5). Canine IL-21 is synthesized as a 146 amino acid (aa) precursor that contains a 17 aa signal sequence and a 129 aa mature chain. Mature canine IL-21 is 86%, 73%, 66%, and 64% aa identical to mature bovine, human, mouse and rat IL-21, respectively. IL-21 binds to a heterodimeric receptor, which is formed by the common gamma -chain subunit (CD134), shared with IL-2, IL-4, IL-7, IL-9, IL-13, and IL-15 receptors, and its own receptor, IL‑21 R, a member of the class I cytokine receptor family (1‑2). IL-21 R is expressed on a variety of immune cells, including B cells, T cells, dendritic cells, and NK cells, as well as non-immune cells, such as fibroblasts, epithelial cells, and endothelial cells (1‑2, 5). Binding of IL-21 to its receptor leads to the activation of members of the JAK-family protein tyrosine kinases, JAK1 and JAK3, and signal transducer and activator of transcription (Stat) molecules (1). IL-21 regulates activation, proliferation, and survival of both CD4⁺ T cells and B cells, the functional activity of CD8⁺ T cells and NK cells, and limits the differentiation of inducible regulatory T cells and counteracts their suppressive properties on effector T cells (1, 5‑6). IL-21 also negatively regulates the maturation and function of dendritic cells (1, 5‑6). IL‑21 also plays a role in many inflammatory and autoimmune diseases, such as Crohn’s disease, Helicobacter pylori‑related gastritis, celiac disease, type I diabetes mellitus, psoriasis, rheumatoid arthritis, and systemic lupus erythematosus (1). IL‑21 is also involved in controlling chronic viral infections (7).

Product Datasheets

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