API-2
Chemical Name: 1,5-Dihydro-5-methyl-1-β-D-ribofuranosyl-1,4,5,6,8-pentaazaacenaphthylen-3-amine
Purity: ≥99%
Biological Activity
API-2 is a selective inhibitor of Akt (protein kinase B) signaling; displays minimal inhibition of PKC, PKA, SGK and p38 pathways. Inhibits phosphorylation and activation of downstream targets of Akt including Bad, GSK-3β and AFX. Induces apoptosis and growth arrest in vitro, preferentially in human cancer cells with elevated levels of Akt. Potently and selectively inhibits growth of Akt-overexpressing tumors in mice. Inhibits DNA synthesis and displays antiviral activity against HIV-1 and -2.Technical Data
The technical data provided above is for guidance only.
For batch specific data refer to the Certificate of Analysis.
Tocris products are intended for laboratory research use only, unless stated otherwise.
Background References
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AKT hyperactivation confers a Th1 phenotype in thymic Treg cells deficient in TGF-beta receptor II signaling.
Liu Y, Xu Y, Sun J, Ma A, Zhang F, Xia S, Xu G, Liu Y
Eur J Immunol, 2014;44(2):521-32. -
A personalized preclinical model to evaluate the metastatic potential of patient-derived colon cancer initiating cells.
Puig I, Chicote I, Tenbaum S, Arques O, Herance J, Gispert J, Jimenez J, Landolfi S, Caci K, Allende H, Mendizabal L, Moreno D, Charco R, Espin E, Prat A, Elez M, Argiles G, Vivancos A, Tabernero J, Rojas S, Palmer H
Clin Cancer Res, 2013;19(24):6787-801. -
Phenylbutyrate induces cathelicidin expression via the vitamin D receptor: Linkage to inflammatory and growth factor cytokines pathways.
Kulkarni N, Yi Z, Huehnken C, Agerberth B, Gudmundsson G
Mol Immunol, 2015;63(2):530-9. -
Tankyrase Inhibition Blocks Wnt/beta-Catenin Pathway and Reverts Resistance to PI3K and AKT Inhibitors in the Treatment of Colorectal Cancer.
Arques O, Chicote I, Puig I, Tenbaum S, Argiles G, Dienstmann R, Fernandez N, Caratu G, Matito J, Silberschmidt D, Rodon J, Landolfi S, Prat A, Espin E, Charco R, Nuciforo P, Vivancos A, Shao W, Tabernero J, Palmer H
Clin Cancer Res, 2016;22(3):644-56. -
beta-catenin confers resistance to PI3K and AKT inhibitors and subverts FOXO3a to promote metastasis in colon cancer.
Tenbaum SP, Ordonez-Moran P, Puig I, Chicote I, Arques O, Landolfi S, Fernandez Y, Herance JR, Gispert JD, Mendizabal L, Aguilar S, Ramon y Cajal S, Schwartz S, Vivancos A, Espin E, Rojas S, Baselga J, Tabernero J, Munoz A, Palmer HG
Nat. Med., 2012;18(6):892-901. -
Dual mechanisms of inhibition of DNA synthesis by triciribine.
Wotring et al.
Cancer Res., 1990;50:4891 -
Phosphorylation of triciribine is necessary for activity against HIV type 1.
Ptak et al.
AIDS Res.Hum.Retroviruses., 1998;14:1315 -
Akt/protein kinase B signaling inhibitor-2, a selective small molecule inhibitor of Akt signaling with antitumour activity in cancer cells overexpressing Akt.
Yang et al.
Cancer Res., 2004;64:4394
Product Datasheets
Citations for API-2
The citations listed below are publications that use Tocris products. Selected citations for API-2 include:
17 Citations: Showing 1 - 10
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IFT80 is required for stem cell proliferation, differentiation, and odontoblast polarization during tooth development.
Authors: Yuan Et al.
Cell Death Dis 2019;10:63
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The AKT inhibitor triciribine in combination with PTX has order-specific efficacy against Zfp217-induced breast cancer chemoresistance.
Authors: Suarez Et al.
Oncotarget 2017;8:108534
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Isolation and characterization of a new naturally immortalized human breast carcinoma cell line, KAIMRC1.
Authors: Ali Et al.
BMC Cancer 2017;17:803
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Tankyrase Inhibition Blocks Wnt/β-Catenin Pathway and Reverts Resistance to PI3K and AKT Inhibitors in the Treatment of Colorectal Cancer.
Authors: Arqués Et al.
Clin Cancer Res 2016;22:644
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Targeting Glutamatergic Signaling and the PI3 Kinase Pathway to Halt Melanoma Progression.
Authors: Rosenberg Et al.
Biol Open 2015;8:42614
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PI3K Phosphorylation Is Linked to Improved Electrical Excitability in an In Vitro Engineered Heart Tissue Disease Model System.
Authors: Kana Et al.
Tissue Eng Part A 2015;21:2379
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Repression of glucocorticoid-stimulated angiopoietin-like 4 gene transcription by Ins.
Authors: Kuo Et al.
J Lipid Res 2014;55:919
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PropF. mediates signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 activation and crosstalk with phosphoinositide 3-kinase/AKT.
Authors: Shravah Et al.
Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2014;3:e29554
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Sea urchin akt activity is Runx-dependent and required for post-cleavage stage cell division.
Authors: Robertson Et al.
Blood 2013;2:472
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Calpain-mediated processing of p53-associated parkin-like cytoplasmic protein (PARC) affects chemosensitivity of human ovarian cancer cells by promoting p53 subcellular trafficking.
Authors: Woo Et al.
J Biol Chem 2012;287:3963
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mTOR generates an auto-amplification loop by triggering the βTrCP- and CK1α-dependent degradation of DEPTOR.
Authors: Duan Et al.
JAKSTAT 2011;44:317
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NKG2D receptor regulates human effector T-cell cytokine production.
Authors: Barber and Sentman
Mol Cell 2011;117:6571
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Control of cerebellar long-term potentiation by P-Rex-family guanine-nucleotide exchange factors and phosphoinositide 3-kinase.
Authors: Jackson Et al.
PLoS One 2010;5:e11962
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FRP inhibits ox-LDL-induced endothelial cell apoptosis through an Akt-NF-{kappa}B-Bcl-2 pathway and inhibits endothelial cell apoptosis in an apoE-knockout mouse model.
Authors: Liu Et al.
Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2010;299:E351
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Mechano-transduction in osteoblastic cells involves strain-regulated estrogen receptor alpha-mediated control of Ins-like growth factor (IGF) I receptor sensitivity to Ambient IGF, leading to phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/AKT-dependent Wnt/LRP5 receptor-i
Authors: Sunters Et al.
J Biol Chem 2010;285:8743
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Disassembly of shank and homer synaptic clusters is driven by soluble beta-amyloid(1-40) through divergent NMDAR-dependent signalling pathways.
Authors: Roselli Et al.
PLoS One 2009;4:e6011
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PRAS40 deregulates apoptosis in malignant melanoma.
Authors: Madhunapantula Et al.
Cancer Res 2007;67:3626
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